Gonda district

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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Gonda, Uttar Pradesh.


Gonda district
District of Uttar Pradesh
Location of Gonda district in Uttar Pradesh
Location of Gonda district in Uttar Pradesh
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
Administrative division Devipatan
Headquarters Gonda, Uttar Pradesh
Tehsils 4
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies Gonda, Kaiser ganj(partial)
Demographics
 • Literacy 58.71%
 • Sex ratio 921
Major highways 1
Website Official website

Gonda is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Gonda is the district headquarters, and also the administrative centre for the Devipatan Division.

With an area of 3,404 square kilometres (1,314 sq mi), Gonda is bound by Shrawasti district to the north, Balrampur and Siddharthnagar districts to the northeast, Basti district to the east, Faizabad district to the south, Bara Banki district to the southwest, and Bahraich district to the northwest. The district lies between 26° 47' and 27° 20' north latitude and 81° 30' and 82° 46' east longitude.

History

Mulagandhakuti. The remains of Buddha's hut in Jetavana Monastery, Sravasti in Gonda Division

The territory covered by the present district of Gonda formed part of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. After the death of Rama, the celebrated sovereign of the Solar line who ruled Kosala, the kingdom was divided into two portions defined by the Ghaghara river. The northern portion was then ruled by his son, Lava with the city of Sravasti as his capital.[1]

More recently, ancient Buddhist remains dating to the early days of Buddhism have been found throughout the region, including at Sravasti.[2]

During the medieval period, the first Muslim invasion of the region, to the north of the Ghaghara River, took place in the second quarter of the 11th century under Syed Salar Masood. The rulers of Gonda and surrounding districts formed a league to offer united resistance to Masood. In the second half of the 13th century Gonda was included in the government of Bahraich by the early Muslim rulers, and hence has no independent history of its own. Further, there is no specific reference about the district until the reign of the Tughlaqs.

In 1394, the district came under the rule of Khwaja Jahan Malik Sarwar, the founder of the Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpur. From earliest days of Muslim domination till the advent of Akbar, the history of Gonda district is primarily the history of local clans. During the early phase of this period the whole of Gonda was ruled by aboriginal Dom, Tharu Tribe, Bhar, Pasi and the like. The district formed an integral part of the empire of Akbar (1556–1605).

With the annexation of the province of Awadh by the East India Company in February 1856, Gonda became a separate district in the Gonda-Bahraich Commissionership. Annexation passed off quietly, although the Gonda raja exhibited strong disapproval of the measure and was with difficulty persuaded to leave his fort at Gonda and meet the district officer.

In the Non Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi people from this district actively participated. On October 9, 1929, Mahatma Gandhi visited the district along with Jawaharlal Nehru.

Gonda played a significant part in the Indian struggle for independence, with many people from the region actively involved: including Maharaja Devi Baksha Singh, who escaped to Nepal,[3] freedom fighters like Sh. Chandra Shekhar Azad took shelter in the district, and Rajendra Lahiri was incarcerated and hanged in the Gonda Jail. India's 5th president Hon'ble Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was also educated at the Government High School in Gonda district.

Gonda came in media light when three cops were given capital punishment after their alleged involvement in an encounter and killing 13 people along with Deputy Superintendent of police in the Madhopur area.[4][5]

Industry

There are several sugar mills, rice mills and many other small industries and handicraft industry. One of the India's six Indian Telephone Industries is situated at Mankapur, and the largest sugar mill in India is situated at Kundarkhi.[6]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Gonda one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[7] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[7]

Climate

India is a tropical country & has got Monsooni climate. Gonda being a plainy district is not an exception. It has got the same climate that of the country in generate. There are three seasons,summer,rainy and winter. Summer is from March to June. The average temperature of the summer is nearly 30°c. Hot wind namely ‘Loo’ blows in May and in early June. Rainy season is from July to October. Rainy take place mostly up to September winter is from. November to February last half of December and first half of January are maximum cold.

Forest

As for as the form of natural vegetation in Gonda is concerned, there are two remarkable areas,One the forests of kuwano,which has various types of trees like Sagon ,Haldu, Sal,Shishaw, Tibau,Mahua, Bass ,Neem, Jamun, Mayo etc.To the forest of Mankapur to Tipri and around Tipri.The types of press are Tibau ,Sakhu,Sal etc. Sandy Lomay and clay are the types of soils found in Gonda. Water per collars downward in sandy soils , so those are not very fertile . Never the less , Zayad crops are produced near the batps of rivers in this soil. Loamy soil is fertile. It has fossils and minerals also. It is found in uproar part of Gonda.

Soil

The colour of loamy soil is light yellow. It is found around Khorahsa,DumariyaDeeh, Gonda,Itia thok, Mankapur etc. Clay soils can hold water in it, so it is suitable far those crops, which require more water , specially paddy. It becomes hard when dries it is found around ColonelGanj, Itiathok and Mankapur.

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 census Gonda district has a population of 3,433,919,[8] roughly equal to the nation of Panama[9] or the US state of Connecticut.[10] This gives it a ranking of 95th in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 857 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,220/sq mi) .[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.17%.[8] Gonda has a sex ratio of 921 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 58.71%.[8]

Gonda district has more percent decadal growth(2001-2012) of 24.17 than the average of UP(20.09). Sex ratio is improved(921) than the state average(908). Sex ratio of children population(0–6 years) is also much better(926)compared to total population sex ratio of the district(922) as well as compared to UP children sex ratio(899). The district is much behind 58.71%) the state average(69.72%) in literacy rate. The backwardness of the region and slow developmental rate is clearly reflected by literacy gap(male to female) of 23.10% in the district as compared to 19.98% gap for the state.[11]

Languages

Languages spoken in the district include Awadhi, a tongue of Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region,[12] and Hindi.

Education

Gonda is categorised as one of the socially and educationally backward districts of Uttar Pradesh. The government of India has created a special scheme for such district through the backward region grant fund. Gonda is one of the recipients of this fund The primary school of Gonda District are well functioning ,This may give Hope to rise the education standard of The district. [13]

The human development index of the Gonda district is very low.[14]

Degree colleges

All colleges of Gonda are affiliated to Faizabad University.

  • Meena Shah Degree College - First Regular Profession Degree College of Gonda City.
  • Baba Gayadeen Vaidya Babu Ram Mahavidyalaya[15]
  • Baikunth Nath Mahavidyalaya[16]
  • Bhagirathi Singh Memorial Mahavidyalaya, Sahibapur, Gonda[17]
  • Chandra Shekhar Shyamraji Mahavidyalaya[18]
  • Dashrath Singh Memorial Mahavidyalay[19]
  • Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Mahavidyalaya[20]
  • Hakikullah Chaudhary Mahavidyalaya[21]
  • Jagdamba Sharan Singh Educational Institute[22]
  • Kamta Prasad Mathura Prasad Janta Mahavidyalaya[23]
  • Kisan Degree College[24]
  • L.B.S. Mahavidyalaya[25] (in Gonda town)
  • Lakhan Lal Sharan Singh Mahavidyalaya[26]
  • Maa Gayatri Ram Sukh Pandey Mahavidyalaya[27]
  • Mahakavi Tulsidas Mahavidyalaya[28]
  • Nandini Nagar Mahavidyalaya[29] Nawabgang
  • Nandini Nagar Vidhi Mahavidyalaya[30] Nawabgang
  • Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gramoday Mahavidyalaya[31]
  • Pt. Jag Narain Shukla Gramoday Mahavidyalaya[32]
  • Pt. Ram Dutt Shukla Mahavidyalaya[33]
  • Raghoram Diwakar Dutt Gyanoday Mahavidyalaya[34]
  • Raja Raghuraj Singh Mahavidyalaya[35] Mankapur
  • Ram Nath Memorial Mahavidyalaya[36]
  • Ravindra Singh Memorial Mahavidyalaya[37]
  • Saraswati Devi Nari Gyansthali Mahavidyalaya[38] (in Gonda town)
  • Sardar Mohar Singh Memorial Mahila Mahavidyalaya[39] Mankapur
  • Saryu Degree College[40] situated in tehshil Colonelganj of Gonda district.
  • Smt. J. Devi Mahila Mahavidyalaya[41]
  • Sri Raghukul Mahila Vidyapeeth[42] (in gonda town)
  • Subhash Chandra Bose Memorial Mahavidyalaya[43]

Public Health

Gonda has 15 Allopathic hospitals, 27 Ayurvedic hospitals, 11 Homeopathic hospitals and 2 Unani hospitals, in addition to 66 Government Primary Health Centres.

Gonda is one of the most backward districts of the India in public health parameters. Gonda is one of the districts in the list of top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate in 2011 census data. It also comes in top 57 districts with highest Maternal Mortality Rate[44]

References

  1. ↑ Gonda District at The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, v. 12, p. 312.
  2. ↑ India Divine
  3. ↑ 1857:The Oral Tradition, Pankaj Rag, Rupa Publication,2010
  4. ↑ http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/3-cops-get-death-5-life-term-for-gonda-fake-encounter.html
  5. ↑ http://www.apnnews.com/2013/04/05/3-cops-gets-death-5-get-life-in-gonda-fake-encounter-case/
  6. ↑ Official Site
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Provisional Population Totals Paper 2 of 2011 - Uttar Pradesh
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Press information release
  14. ↑ Planning commission release
  15. ↑ [1]
  16. ↑ [2]
  17. ↑ [3]
  18. ↑ [4]
  19. ↑ [5]
  20. ↑ [6]
  21. ↑ [7]
  22. ↑ [8]
  23. ↑ [9]
  24. ↑ [10]
  25. ↑ [11]
  26. ↑ [12]
  27. ↑ [13]
  28. ↑ [14]
  29. ↑ [15]
  30. ↑ [16]
  31. ↑ [17]
  32. ↑ [18]
  33. ↑ [19]
  34. ↑ [20]
  35. ↑ [21]
  36. ↑ [22]
  37. ↑ [23]
  38. ↑ [24]
  39. ↑ [25]
  40. ↑ [26]
  41. ↑ [27]
  42. ↑ [28]
  43. ↑ [29]
  44. ↑ List of 57 common districts featuring in top 100 districts in order of Infant Mortality Rate and top 25 administrative divisions

External links

 Bahraich district Shrawasti district Balrampur district
Siddharthnagar district
Basti district
  Gonda district  
Bara Banki district Faizabad district

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