Kangiqsualujjuaq

Not to be confused with Kangiqsujuaq.

For the Inuit reserved land of the same name, see Kangiqsualujjuaq (Inuit reserved land).

Kangiqsualujjuaq ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᑦᔪᐊᖅ
Northern village municipality
Skyline of Kangiqsualujjuaq
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Region	Nord-du-Québec
TE	Kativik
Constituted	February 2, 1980
Government
• Mayor	Hilda Snowball
• Federal riding	Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou
• Prov. riding	Ungava
Area
• Total	35.50 km2 (13.71 sq mi)
• Land	35.05 km2 (13.53 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	874
• Density	24.9/km2 (64/sq mi)
• Change (2006–11)	18.9%
• Dwellings	191
Time zone	EST (UTC−5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC−4)
Postal code(s)	J0M 1N0
Area code(s)	819
Website	www.nvkangiqsualujjuaq.ca

Kangiqsualujjuaq (/kænˌdʒɪksuˈæluːdʒuæk/) is an Inuit village located at the mouth of the George River on the east coast of Ungava Bay in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Its population was 874 as of the 2011 census.

Names

The settlement's original name Fort Severight honoured John Severight, a North West Company man who had headed Fort Coulonge during McLean's time there. After its reëstablishment, it was variously known from its location as Fort George, George's River, George River, George River Post, and Fort George River. It was also sometimes known as Port-Nouveau-Québec (French for "Port New Quebec").

The name "Kangiqsualujjuaq" (Inuktitut: ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᔾᔪᐊᖅ) is Inuktitut for "the very large bay". It is also sometimes spelled "Kangirsualujjuaq" (ᑲᖏᕐᓱᐊᓗᔾᔪᐊᖅ).

Geography

Kangiqsualujjuaq is located 1,688 km (1,049 mi) to the northeast of Montreal. Enveloped by mountains, the township is framed by picturesque surroundings and its elevated position affords unobstructed views of the George River. The town itself is laid out on a grid pattern over levelled-ground, with two unsealed roads leading a few kilometres beyond the mountain ridges at either end of the village. Amidst rocky outcrops and stone way-finding markers (Inukshuk), the village landscape is dotted with stands of stunted trees and prostrate groundcover that clings perilously to the rugged granite terrain. In low-lying areas, the ground is covered by thick carpets of moss and lichen.

History

File:2883 LC Kangiqsualujjuaq cemetery.jpg

Kangiqsualujjuaq cemetery

John McLean established Fort Severight for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1838. It was a bit south of the present-day town, at (now marked as Illutaliviniq on topographic maps). It served as a salmon and seal fishery, supplying Fort Chimo to the west and Fort Trial and Fort Nascopie to the south. It was abandoned in 1842 after Fort Chimo turned out to be an unprofitable station and a path was found to supply Nascopie from Fort Smith to the southeast. The Inuit of the area never settled around the post, preferring to live along the coast in summer and setting their camps about 50 km (31 mi) inland in winter.

The site was taken up again in September 1876, mostly to capture the local indigenous peoples' trade which had been going to the Moravians. The new buildings were built from the old. The site abandoned again in the summer of 1878 before reopening again in 1883. It again functioned as a salmon and seal fishery for Fort Chimo, although it carried on some local trading until that was removed to Port Burwell in 1917. HBC shuttered its office in June 1952.

In 1959, local Inuit established, on their own initiative, the first co-operative in Northern Quebec for the purpose of marketing Arctic char. Construction of the village began in 1962 and Inuit began to settle there permanently. In 1963 a school, a co-operative store, and government buildings were built. In 1980, Kangiqsualujjuaq was legally established as a municipality.

The community was stricken by an avalanche in the early morning of January 1, 1999, which destroyed the Satuumavik School gymnasium during New Year celebrations, killing nine. Another 25 people were injured, 12 of them seriously enough to have to be airlifted 1,500 km (930 mi) to Montreal for treatment. Some speculated that it may have been triggered by lively dancing at the party. The school was rebuilt on the new, safer location and renamed to Ulluriaq School.

Economy

Industries in Kangiqsualujjuaq include hunting of caribou, seal and beluga whale, Arctic char fishing, and the production of Inuit art. The town is also the main terminus of the George River canoeing expeditions (e.g. one of Chewonki Foundation's canoe trips).

Government

The police services are provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force. The Kativik School Board formerly operated the Ulluriaq School, previously the Satuumavik School.

Transportation

File:Kangiqsualujjuaq Airport.JPG

Kangiqsualujjuaq's airport in April 2006

File:2772 LK Kangiqsualujjuaq (pano).jpg

Kangiqsualujjuaq Harbour at high tide

The town is served by the small Kangiqsualujjuaq Airport. Access is usually by plane, although Kangiqsualujjuamiut occasionally travel to Kuujjuaq in winter by snowmobile and in summer by boat, a journey of approximately 160 km (99 mi) to the southwest. Journeys across the Torngat Mountains by snowmobile to the Labrador settlements Nain and Nachvak are rarely embarked upon these days, but were commonplace when dog teams were used. Cargo ships from Montreal deliver cumbersome supplies and equipment to the community every summer.

Notable people

• Mary Simon (Ningiukadluk), 30th Governor General of Canada
• Donat Savoie

Inuit elders from Kangiqsualujjuaq include:

• Noah Angnatuk
• George Annanack
• Johnny Sam Annanack
• Maggie Annanack (Elsie Imaq)
• Sarah Annanack
• Willie Emudluk
• Benjamin Jararuse
• Tivi Etok
• Willie Etok

Explorers and missionaries who have visited the town include:

• Benjamin Gottlieb Kohlmeister
• George Kmoch
• Albert Peter Low
• John McLean
• Leonidas Hubbard

Images

• 2850 LK Kangiqsualujjuaq Hotel.jpg

  Kangiqsualujjuaq Hotel

• 2941 LK Kangiqsualujjuaq at night.jpg

  Kangiqsualujjuaq at night

• 3088 LK Kangiqsualujjuaq hike.jpg

  Inukshuk

• 3070 LK Kangiqsualujjuaq hockey rink.jpg

  Kangiqsualujjuaq hockey rink

External links

• Kativik Regional Government
• Nunavik tourism - Kangiqsualujjuaq website
• Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec Statistics Canada
• Ulluriaq School, Kangiqsualujjuaq
• Inuit Knowledge and Perceptions of the Land-Water Interface, a comprehensive study of the Kangiqsualujjuaq people and their knowledge and perceptions of their homelands by Scott Heyes (2007)
• Schooling the North