Swift parrot

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Swift parrot
Lathamus discolor Bruny 1.jpg
wild, Bruny Island, Tasmania
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Psittaciformes
Superfamily:
Psittacoidea
Family:
Psittaculidae
Subfamily:
Platycercinae
Tribe:
Platycercini
Genus:
Lathamus

Lesson, 1830
Species:
L. discolor
Binomial name
Lathamus discolor
(White, J., 1790)
Swift Parrot Range.png
Distribution of the swift parrot
From Atlas of Living Australia

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Captive

The swift parrot (Lathamus discolor) breeds in Tasmania and migrates north to south eastern Australia from Griffith-Warialda in New South Wales and west to Adelaide in the winter. It is related to the rosellas, with the feeding habits of a lorikeet. It is the only member in the genus Lathamus.

In 2015, researchers from the Australian National University modelled that the species may face extinction by 2031 due to predation and loss of habitat. This qualifies the species' conservation status to be listed as critically endangered, however it is yet to be officially recognised.[2] There was estimated to be fewer than 2000 mature individuals remaining in the wild as of 2011.[3]

Taxonomy

The surgeon John White described the swift parrot in 1790 as the red-shouldered paroquet (Psittacus discolor).[4] It was placed in the genus Lathamus by René Primevère Lesson in 1830.

Description

The swift parrot is about 25 cm (10 in) long and has long pointed wings and long tapering tail feathers. It is mainly green with bluish crown and red on the face above and below the beak. The adult female is slightly duller, and the juvenile has a dark brown iris and a pale orange bill.[5] The forehead to throat is crimson and there is also crimson patch at the top, edge of the wing. The female parrots are slightly duller than the males and with a creamy underwing bar. They are noisy, always active and showy, and are very fast with their direct flight. This parrots/species is also known as the Red-faced or Red-shouldered Parrot.

Breeding and social habits

The species breeds in Tasmania from September to December. It nests in tree hollows about 6–20 metres from ground level and usually with other breeding pairs. Eggs are white with 3–5 per clutch. Voice is of high pitched tinking chattering, piping pee-pit, pee-pit. They only breed from September to March.

Distribution

The swift parrot migrates across Bass Strait between Tasmania and the mainland of Australia. They arrive in Tasmania during September and return to south-eastern Australia during March and April.[6] They can be found as far north as south-eastern Queensland and as far west as Adelaide in South Australia, although recent sightings have been restricted to the south-eastern part of the state.

Important Bird Areas

BirdLife International has identified the following sites as being important for swift parrots:[7]

New South Wales
Victoria
Tasmania
File:Swift Parrot.ogg
Mudgereeba, SE Queensland, Australia


Habitat

Usually inhabiting: forests, woodlands, agricultural land and plantations, and also in urban areas.

Diet

Seeds and grains, green vegetation, fruit, nectar and pollen, insects, grubs and larvae.

The presence of the winter-flowering golden wattle (Acacia pycnantha) is positively correlated with numbers of swift parrots overwintering in box–ironbark forest in central Victoria, while the presence of flowering eucalypts has no correlation.[8]

Conservation status

It is thought that only 1000 pairs remain in the wild. Habitat destruction and loss of old trees with nesting hollows are critical factors in its decline. Sugar gliders are the major predator of nesting parrots in mainland Tasmania, accounting for 85% of kills, but are absent from Bruny and Maria Islands.

Australia

Swift parrots are listed as endangered on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

State of Victoria, Australia

  • On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the swift parrot is listed as endangered.[11]

References

  • Field guide to the birds of Australia Graham Pizzey and Frank Knight, Angus & Robertson 1997, 3rd edition 2000. ISBN 0-207-19714-8
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Footnotes

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Forshaw (2006). page 79.
  7. ↑ BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2012-01-02.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria
  10. ↑ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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