List of current cardinals

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Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among themselves, although not a formal requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave, but makes no provision in case this number is exceeded;[3] this has often happened, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore (reserved 'in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]

As of 8 August 2022, there are 206 cardinals, 116 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 28 November 2020, when Pope Francis created 13 cardinals, including 9 cardinal electors.[5] A consistory is scheduled for 27 August 2022 to create 20 cardinals, including 16 cardinal electors.[6] Norberto Rivera Carrera was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 6 June 2022; Gregorio Rosa Chávez will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 3 September 2022. Jozef Tomko was the most recent cardinal to die, on 8 August 2022, at the age of Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist..[7]

Cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome[lower-alpha 1] (plus other cardinals who are exceptionally co-opted into the order),[8][9] as appointed by the pope, as well as cardinals who are patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches.[10] The two most senior cardinal bishops of the College, elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope,[1] are the dean and the vice dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. The latter is currently also the senior cardinal bishop among the cardinal electors.[lower-alpha 2]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted for the order.[11] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[lower-alpha 2]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who hold curial or diplomatic roles, as well as other clergy, including priests granted dispensation not to be consecrated bishops. They have the option (Latin: optatio) of becoming cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][12] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Renato Raffaele Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is James Michael Harvey and the junior cardinal deacon is Mauro Gambetti.[lower-alpha 2]

For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the respective post-nominal letters.

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This list is complete and up to date as of 8 August 2022.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave

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Cardinals to be created on 27 August 2022

On 29 May 2022, Pope Francis announced that 21 cardinals, including 16 cardinal electors, would be created in a consistory to be held on 27 August 2022.[6] Francis later accepted the request of one of the appointees, Lucas Van Looy, the bishop emeritus of Ghent, that he not be created a cardinal.[13][14] The orders to which the remaining 20 cardinals-designate will belong are unconfirmed; they are listed here in order of announcement.[6] Script error: No such module "row numbers".

Former cardinals

As of 28 July 2018, there are three living former cardinals, listed here in chronological order of ceasing to be a cardinal:

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the College.

At present, 116 of 206 cardinals (56.3 per cent) are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all 116 cardinal electors were to participate, would be 78.[3][19]

Pope Order Total Percentage of total
Cardinal bishops Cardinal priests Cardinal deacons
No. Name All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors All Electors
264 John Paul II
16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005		 5 1 44 10 1 0 50 11 24.3% 9.5%
265 Benedict XVI
19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013		 4 3 59 34 1 1 64 38 31.1% 32.8%
266 Francis
13 March 2013 – present		 3 2 68 53 21 12 92 67 44.7% 57.8%
Total 12 6 171 97 23 13 206 116 100.0% 100.0%
Percentage of total 5.8% 5.2% 83.0% 83.6% 11.2% 11.2% 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. Currently, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Latin Church (Western) 200 97.1% 112 96.6%
Eastern Churches Chaldean Catholic Church 1 0.5% 1 0.9%
Ethiopian Catholic Church 1 0.5% 1 0.9%
Maronite Church 1 0.5% 0 0.0%
Romanian Greek Catholic Church 1 0.5% 0 0.0%
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1 0.5% 1 0.9%
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1 0.5% 1 0.9%
Total 6 2.9% 4 3.4%
Total 206 100.0% 116 100.0%

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

Currently, there are 45 cardinals (21.8 per cent), including 26 cardinal electors (22.4 per cent), belonging to 25 institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life. Common names, if different, are given in brackets in this table.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians/Lazarists) 2 1
CMF Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians) 2 0
CS Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) 1 0
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 1 1
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers / Spiritans) 2 1
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 1 1
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 1 1
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 1 0
MCCJ Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 1 1
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 1
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
OCist Order of Cistercians 1 1
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 1 0
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 4 3
OFMConv Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) 1 1
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 1 0
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 1 0
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 2 2
PSDP Poor Servants of Divine Providence 1 0
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 1 1
SDB Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) 9 4
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 6 4
(none) Secular clergy 161 90
Total 206 116

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2020)[20]
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 25 12.1% 15 12.9% 19%
North America 34 16.5% 22 19.0% 20%
South America 20 9.7% 12 10.3% 28%
Asia 25 12.1% 15 12.9% 11%
Europe 97 47.1% 49 42.2% 21%
Oceania 5 2.4% 3 2.6% 1%
Total 206 100.0% 116 100.0% 100%

Cardinals by country

Currently, there are 85 countries that have cardinals, 65 of which have cardinal electors. The countries with the greatest percentages of all cardinals are Italy (21.4 per cent), the United States (7.3 per cent), and Spain (5.3 per cent). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest percentages are Italy (16.4 per cent), the United States (7.8 per cent), and Spain (4.3 per cent).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 1 0
Angola Africa 2 0
Argentina South America 4 2
Australia Oceania 1 0
Austria Europe 1 1
Bangladesh Asia 1 1
Belgium Europe 1 1
Bolivia South America 1 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 1
Brazil South America 6 4
Burkina Faso Africa 1 1
Canada North America 4 4
Cape Verde Africa 1 1
Central African Republic Africa 1 1
Chile South America 3 1
Colombia South America 2 1
Cuba North America 1 1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 1 1
Croatia Europe 1 1
Czech Republic Europe 1 1
Dominican Republic North America 1 0
El Salvador North America 1 1
Ethiopia Africa 1 1
France Europe 5 4
Germany Europe 8 3
Ghana Africa 1 1
Guatemala North America 1 1
Guinea Africa 1 1
Haiti North America 1 1
Honduras North America 1 1
Hong Kong (China)[lower-alpha 3] Asia 2 0
Hungary Europe 1 1
India Asia 4 3
Indonesia Asia 2 1
Iraq Asia 1 1
Ireland Europe 1 0
Italy Europe 44 19
Ivory Coast Africa 1 1
Japan Asia 1 1
Kenya Africa 1 1
South Korea Asia 1 1
Laos Asia 1 1
Latvia Europe 1 0
Lebanon Asia 1 0
Lithuania Europe 2 0
Luxembourg Europe 1 1
Madagascar Africa 1 1
Mali Africa 1 1
Malta Europe 1 1
Mauritius Africa 1 0
Mexico North America 6 2
Morocco Africa 1 1
Mozambique Africa 1 0
Myanmar Asia 1 1
Netherlands Europe 1 1
New Zealand Oceania 2 1
Nicaragua North America 1 1
Nigeria Africa 3 1
Pakistan Asia 1 1
Panama North America 1 1
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
Peru South America 2 2
Philippines Asia 4 2
Poland Europe 4 3
Portugal Europe 5 3
Romania Europe 1 0
Rwanda Africa 1 1
Saint Lucia North America 1 0
Senegal Africa 1 0
Slovenia Europe 1 0
South Africa Africa 1 0
Spain Europe 11 5
Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
Sudan Africa 1 0
Sweden Europe 1 1
Switzerland Europe 1 1
Tanzania Africa 1 1
Thailand Asia 2 1
Tonga Oceania 1 1
Uganda Africa 1 0
United Kingdom Europe 2 1
United States North America 15 9
Uruguay South America 1 1
Venezuela South America 1 1
Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total 206 116

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.[1]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  3. ↑ Special administrative region of China

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References

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External links

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