En Marche!

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En Marche!
Founder Emmanuel Macron
President Catherine Barbaroux (Acting)
General Secretary Richard Ferrand
Founded 6 April 2016 (2016-04-06)
Headquarters 99, rue de l'Abbé-Groult
75015 Paris
Membership 323,773 claimed adherents[1]
Ideology Big tent[2]
Social liberalism[3][4][5]
Third Way[6]
Political position Centre[4]
National Assembly[lower-alpha 1]
24 / 577
European Parliament[lower-alpha 2]
1 / 74
Website
en-marche.fr
Politics of France
Political parties
Elections

En Marche![lower-alpha 3] (French: [ɑ̃ maʁʃ]; English: "Forward!",[9][10] "Onward!"[11] or "On The Move!"[12]), which is running candidates in the 2017 legislative elections as La République En Marche!,[13] is a social-liberal political party in France founded on 6 April 2016 by Emmanuel Macron, a former Minister of Economy and Finance and the current President of France.[11]

Macron considers En Marche! to be a progressive movement, uniting both the left and the right.[14] The initials of the name of the party are the same as the initials of Macron's name.[15][16]

History

Emmanuel Macron

En Marche! was founded on 6 April 2016 in Amiens by Emmanuel Macron,[17] with the help of political advisor Ismaël Emelien.[18]

The party intends to run candidates in the 2017 French legislative election,[19] in order to form a majority in the National Assembly. It will not form any alliances except with MoDem, another centrist party. For the candidates of the party, half will be from civil society and the other half having held previous political office.[20] Macron previously said the legislative candidates would have to leave the Socialist Party before they could join En Marche! in the election.[21] However, En Marche! spokesperson Christophe Castaner later said they could stay in the Socialist Party as long as they supported Macron.[21] Moreover, spokesperson Jean-Paul Delevoye said the members of civil society could be mayors or members of regional councils and departmental councils.[21]

2017 legislative elections

En Marche! plans to run candidates in all 577 constituencies, of which at least half are planned to be from civil society – the other half having previously held political office – and half women. No "double investiture" will be permitted, though the original requirement of prospective candidates to leave their previous political party was waived by Macron on 5 May.[22] In addition to those parameters, he specified in his initial press conference on 19 January that he would require that candidates demonstrate "probity" (disqualifying any prospective candidates with a criminal record), "political plurality" (representing the threads of the movement), and "efficacy". Those wishing to seek the investiture of En Marche! were required to sign up online,[23] and the movement received nearly 15,000 applications. For nominations sought by those in the political world, the popularity, establishment, and ability to appear in the media of applicants are also considered, with the most difficult cases adjudicated by Macron himself. To represent themselves under the label of En Marche!, however, outgoing deputies must decide to leave the Socialist Party (PS) or the Republicans (LR).[24]

After François Bayrou endorsed Macron in February, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), which he leads, reserved 90 constituencies for MoDem candidates (running under the label of En Marche!), of which 50 were considered winnable.[25] After his victory in the presidential election, Macron resigned his post as president of En Marche!, with Catherine Barbaroux appointed as interim president. The movement, renamed, will present candidates under the label of "La République En Marche!", and the full list of 428 investitures was published on 11 May. En Marche! said they will publish the full list in the coming weeks.[22]

Ideology

Although Macron was a member of the Socialist Party from 2006 to 2009 and an Independent from 2009 to 2016,[26][27] En Marche! seeks to transcend traditional political boundaries to be a transpartisan organisation.[17]

Macron has described it as being a progressive party of both the left and the right.[6] Observers and political commentators have described the party as being both socially and economically liberal in ideology,[28][3][4][5] as well as being a party of the radical centre.[4]

Academics Marta Lorimer and Susan Milner have associated En Marche! with the "Third Way", the ideological trend that previously dominated centre-left political parties in the late 1990s and early 2000s.[4][29] The party has also been compared to Spanish liberal political party Citizens, and Macron to its leader Albert Rivera.[30][31] He has also been compared to Tony Blair,[32] and John Rentoul of the Independent compared Macron and Tony Blair from their difference to their traditional party and En Marche!'s third way politics.[33]

Adherents

En Marche! considers every person who submits identification information (date of birth, email, full address, and telephone number) and adheres to the party's charter to be an adherent.[34] Unlike other political parties, it does not require adherents to make a monetary donation.[35] Emmanuel Macron has indicated that it is possible to adhere to En Marche! while remaining a member of "another republican party."[36]

On 10 April 2016, a few days after the movement's launch, Emmanuel Macron claimed 13,000 adherents.[37] Le Canard enchaîné accused him of inflating the figure and claimed that 13,000 was in reality the number of clicks that Macron had received on his website.[38] Ismaël Emelien, Macron's advisor, clarified that "each adherent signs a charter of values and has a voice in the movement's general assembly" and that "that has nothing to do with those who sign up for the newsletter, who are much greater in number."[39] Sylvain Fort, another of Macron's advisors, affirmed that the movement verifies the e-mail adresses of adherents but conceded that "the system relies on the honesty of each adherent."[40]

En Marche! claimed 80,000 adherents in September 2016. According to Le Monde, "if this number is accurate, it makes En Marche! one of France's leading political parties."[41] In October 2016, Macron affirmed that En Marche! was "neck and neck with the Parti socialiste" after only "seven months" of existence.[42] According to Mediapart, this included "many independents and executives, but few functionaries, farmers and unemployed people. Many of the members have never been engaged in politics. The majority have only shown interest by leaving their information on the site."[43]

En Marche! takes inspiration from the participatory model of Désirs d'avenir, Ségolène Royal's movement, and intends to rely on its member files, according to deputy Pascal Terrasse, former leader of Désirs d'avenir.[44][45][46] According to Libération, the movement relies on a "pyramidal enrolment system inspired by Barack Obama's campaigns of 2008 and 2012."[47]

By relying on a participatory political model, each En Marche! adherent has the opportunity to freely join or create a local committee. Each of these committees is led by one or more adherents who organize the committee by planning local events, meetings, and debates centered around the ideas and values promoted by the movement. En Marche! counted more than 2,600 of these committees in December of 2016.[48]

Finance

Christian Dargnat, former general director of BNP Paribas Asset Management, leads the En Marche! financial association.[49] Since its creation, the association has raised funds for En Marche!. In 2016, Georges Fenech, a deputy of The Republicans Group, alerted the National Assembly that the association had continued fund raising even during Emmanuel Macron's trip to London. This led Prime Minister Manuel Valls to issue an official denial, even though En Marche! had already done so.[50] Emmanuel Macron declared in May that 2,000 donors had already contributed financially to En Marche!. In December 2016, he spoke of "more than 10,000 donors from 1 euro to 7,500 euros."[51] By the end of December 2016, he had collected between 4 and 5 million euros in donations.[52] At the end of March, this figure exceeded 9 million euros from 35,000 donations, averaging 257 euros per donation. 600 donors made up half of the total amount donated, with donations upwards of 5,000 euros.[53]

In the book Dans l'enfer de Bercy: Enquête sur les secrets du ministère des Finances (JC Lattès, 2017) by journalists Frédéric Says and Marion L'Hour, Emmanuel Macron was accused of using 120,000 euros from the state budget from 1 January to 30 August 2016 in order to fund his presidential campaign.[54]

Election results

Presidential

President of the French Republic
Election year Candidate # of 1st round votes  % of 1st round vote # of 2nd round votes  % of 2nd round vote Winning party
2017 Emmanuel Macron 8,656,346 24.01% 20,743,128 66.10% En Marche !

Symbols

  • En marche logo.png

    First logo, submitted to the INPI on 8 April 2016

  • Logo En Marche !.svg

    Second logo, submitted to the INPI on 9 February 2017

  • Logo-LREM-noir.svg

    Third and current logo

Footnotes

  1. ↑ This number reflects the 24 outgoing deputies, mostly Socialists, invested by under the label of La République en marche! in the legislative elections.[7]
  2. ↑ Sylvie Goulard, lists herself as a member of En Marche!, though she was elected MoDem.[8]
  3. ↑ In French, there is a space in front of the exclamation mark, which makes it "En marche !". It is written without the space in English media.

References

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  34. ↑ Article ([{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} history] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=protect}} protect] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=delete}} delete] | [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
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  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  38. ↑ Article ([{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} history] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=protect}} protect] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=delete}} delete] | [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
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  47. ↑ Article ([{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} history] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=protect}} protect] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=delete}} delete] | [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
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External links

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