Zamboangueño people

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This article refers to the people of the Zamboanga region who speaks the Spanish creole language. For the creole language itself, see Chavacano.
Zamboangueño
Total population
(1,000,000 (est.) with Hispanic-Zamboangueño heritage)
Regions with significant populations
 Philippines
(Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Peninsula, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Metro Manila)
 Malaysia
(Sabah)
Languages
Chavacano, Spanish
Religion
predominantly Roman Catholic, Islam, Protestantism, others

The Zamboangueño people are a Filipino ethnic group native to Zamboanga. Although the product of Spanish colonization in the southern Philippines. Spanish censuses record that as much as one third of the inhabitants of Zamboanga City possess varying degrees of Spanish and Latino admixture.[1] In addition to this, select cities such as Bacolod, Cebu, Iloilo or Zamboanga which are home to historical military fortifications or commercial ports during the Spanish era also holds sizable mestizo communities.[2] The Zamboangueños constitute an authentic and distinct ethnolinguistic identity for two reasons: claim to a distinct language, Chavacano, and undeniable vestiges of a Spanish colonial past, physical features of local mestizos, Spanish folk art, fiestas and Roman Catholicism.

Development

People from other ethnolinguistic groups came to Jambangan (present-day Zamboanga City), when the construction of the present-day Fort Pilar begun. The colonial Spanish government ordered the construction of a military fort to guard off the city from moro pirates and slave raiders of Sulu. Laborers from Cebu, Cavite, Bohol, Panay and other islands were brought to the city to help build the fort. Eventually, these people settled in the city to live with other Ethno-Linguistic Groups from the Royal Ethnic lineage of Macombong and Tongab whose father is Shariff Bungsu of Brunie royalty and mother is Princess Nayac, the daughter of the late King of Kingdom of Jambangan, Datu Timuay of the Subanon Ethno-Linguistic Group who are the ancestors together with other ethno-linguistic group - the Lutao, became the nucleus of the present-day Zamboangueño People. To this nucleus was added settlement by Ilongo laborers from Iloilo which came and lived in Zamboanga and had helped the Spanish who also brought along soldiers from Mexico[3] and Peru.[4] Through inter-marriage among themselves, Illongos, Latinos and with the Spanish, they created a new culture with a new Ethno-Linguistic identity called Zamboangueño. Furthermore, because these people come from different islands and even nations and spoke different languages, they all created a new pidgin language called Chavacano. Chavacano developed into a full-fledged Spanish-based creole language to become the lingua franca of Zamboanga City and then the official language of the Republic of Zamboanga. Zamboanga City is considered to be the birthplace of the Zamboangueño Chavacano Language and as a new Cultural Ethno-Linguistic Group, as a new people with distinct Ethnic Race and Identity called, Zamboangueño.

Culture, Tradition & Cuisines

The Character of the Zamboangueño People are unique as we can say for their Kinship Family System, Love for one's Cultural Heritage, Propensity for extravagance, Fiestas and Siestas, and Aristocratic behavior. While their social lives usually resolve around religious practices, the tradition of the bantayanon, fiestas, fondas, includes their bailes the baile-valse, regodon and paso doble.

The Zamboangueño customs are based on Spanish, Latin America and European notions of patriarchal authority, etiquette, familial obligation, as well as a feeling of superiority - characterized by excessive pride, vanity, jealousy, boastfulness, and snobbishness - over their less-Westernized neighbors. They are mostly devout Roman Catholics.

The Zamboangueño courtship traditions are elaborate and regulated by a long list of required social graces. For example, a perfectly respectable Zamboangueño Latino caballero (gentleman) would not sit unless permitted to do so by the woman’s parents, he then had to endure questions pertaining to his lineage, credentials, and occupation. Finally, the courtship curfew, and the need to cultivate the goodwill of all the members of the woman’s family were paramount considerations before any headway could be made in pursuing a Zamboangueña senorita's hand in marriage.

Zamboangueño songs and dances are derived primarily from Spanish/Iberian performances. Specifically, the Jota Zamboangueña, a Zamboangueño version of the quick-stepping flamenco with bamboo clappers in lieu of Spanish castanets, are regularly presented during fiestas and formal "tertulias" or other Zamboangueño festivities.

Likewise, Zamboangueño traditional costumes are closely associated with Spanish formal dress. Men wear close-necked jackets as they called Camiseta Zamboangueño, "de baston" pants, and European style shoes, complete with the de rigueur "bigotillos" (mustache). More recently, Zamboangueño men have adapted to wearing the formal Barong Tagalog, worn by men throughout the Philippines. Zamboangueña women claim ownership of the Mascota, a formal gown with a fitting bodice, her shoulders draped demurely by a luxuriously embroidered, though stiff, panuelo and fastened at the breast by a brooch or a medal. The skirt tapers down from the waist but continues on to an extended trail called the "cola". The "cola" may be held on one hand as the lady walks around, or it may likewise by pinned on the waist or slipped up a cord (belt) that holds the dainty "abanico" or purse. The traditional Zamboangueño dress has been limited to formal functions, replaced by the more common shirt, denim jeans and sneakers for men, and shirts, blouses, skirts or pants, and heeled shoes for women.

There are several important events of festival that can be witness during 'Semana Santa', a Zamboangueño Expression of Holy Week. These includes watching "peliculas" about Jesus and his teachings, Visitaciones de las Inglesias, Procession, Novenas and the climbing and praying at the Estaciones de Cruz in Mt. Pulong Bato. Fiesta Pilar a festivity in honor to Sñra. La Virgen del Pilar de Zaragoza en Zamboanga and, the Dia de Zamboanga and Dia de Los Zamboangueños/Chavacanos which is celebrated every 15 August every year for the foundation of Zamboanga and birth of the Zamboangueño People on 15 of August 1635.

Comida Zamboangueño or the Comidas de Zamboanga like their famous Curacha, Calamares, Tamal, Locon, Cangrejo, Paella, Estofado and Valenciana. other comidas also are not only considered as mere food but a part of the Zamboangueño Identity such as Caldo Vaca/Puerco/Pollo, Pochero, Arroz Caldo, Lechon, Jamonada / Endulzado o Endulzao, Embutido, ADobo, Afritada, Menudo, Caldereta, Jumba, Embutido, Leche Flan and many more.

Further,Of late, the Zamboangueño of Basilan have acquired more modern tastes in food, clothing and customs, usually based on the generally preferred American/Western model.

Demographics

Zamboangueño are mostly Christians, who are mostly devoted Roman Catholics, devotion towards Jesus through songs and believes that the Catholic faith is the true religion and lastly devoted to Sra. La Virgen del Pilar. Zamboangueños celebrate Christmas in so many unique ways such as the Villancicos / Aguinaldos o Pastores this also includes the Dia de Navideña y Noche Buena, Fiestas, Visper, Diana, Misa, Juegos, procession or parade, and feasting.

Languages Influenced During Creolization

Chavacano Language, this is the lane of the Zamboangueño People. A Conglomeration of 90% traditional Spanish/Castillan and 10% influences from other Romance Languages such as Portuguese, Italian, Native American such as Nahuat'l, Taino, Quechua, Mexican Spanish, et al., and Filipino/Austronesian languages such as Ilonggo, Subanon, Tausug, Yakan, Sama, Cebuano, Tagalog, and other Filipino Languages.[5]

Famous Zamboangueños

There are Zamboanguenos who are famous for their fields of endeavor, especially in music, entertainment and sports. These are the following:

  • Marc Velasco - singer and composer, whose song "Ordinary Song" became a top hit in 2000.
  • Buddy Zabala -Former Bassist Of famous 1990s rock band Eraserheads and currently Bassist of The Dawn and Cambio and Record Producer.
  • Chris Cayzer - Aficionado Perfumes model and singer, who had his first concert here in Zamboanga on July 2007 with Lovi Poe, another Aficionado model and singer/actress. His Zamboangueño parents were based in Australia, where he grew up.
  • Susan Jane Ritter - beauty queen titlist; co-winner of Magica Dream Girl 1995 with Genesis Canlapan (actress Patricia Javier's real name) and later semifinalist in the 1997 Miss International in Japan.
  • Armarie "Arms" Cruz - one of the "Final 12" and the lone Mindanao bet of Philippine Idol First Season.
  • April Ross Perez - 2002 Miss Earth Semifinalist and first Zamboanguena to win the Miss Philippines-Earth Title.
  • Antonio Salcedo - Filipino Sprinter. Represented the Philippines in Several Far Eastern Games in the 1920s.
  • Simeon Toribio - Filipino High Jumper, 1932 Olympics Bronze Medallist in Athletics. He later settled in Bohol and represented it in Congress.
  • Roberto Gomez - World Pool nine ball 2007 runner-up. Beaten By Daryl Peach onto the finals 17-15.
  • Ronnie Natividad - Mr. University 1998 3rd Runner-up - A National Competition to select official delegate to the Mr. and Ms. University International where eventual Mr. University winner Jansen Cunanan won 1st Runner-up in the Mr. University International Competition in Tokyo Japan.
  • Alberto Nogar Sr. - (Weightlifter) Bronze Medalist 1958 3rd Asian Games Tokyo, Japan, 5th Place 1958 World Weightlifting Championship Stockholm, Sweden, 8th place 1960 Rome Olympiad, 1960 Philippine Sportswriters Association Weightlifter of the Year
  • Nathan Sy
  • Prospero S. Amatong - former congressman in 2nd of compostela valley and his born on Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jagor, Fëdor, et al. (1870). The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
  2. ↑ Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco (2015). ""Self-identified East Asian nationalities correlated with genetic clustering, consistent with extensive endogamy. Individuals of mixed East Asian-European genetic ancestry were easily identified; we also observed a modest amount of European genetic ancestry in individuals self-identified as Filipinos"
  3. ↑ Letter from Fajardo to Felipe III From Manila, August 15 1620.(From the Spanish Archives of the Indies) ("The infantry does not amount to two hundred men, in three companies. If these men were that number, and Spaniards, it would not be so bad; but, although I have not seen them, because they have not yet arrived here, I am told that they are, as at other times, for the most part boys, mestizos, and mulattoes, with some Indians. There is no little cause for regret in the great sums that reënforcements of such men waste for, and cost, your Majesty. I cannot see what betterment there will be until your Majesty shall provide it, since I do not think, that more can be done in Nueva Spaña, although the viceroy must be endeavoring to do so, as he is ordered.")
  4. ↑ "SECOND BOOK OF THE SECOND PART OF THE CONQUESTS OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND CHRONICLE OF THE RELIGIOUS OF OUR FATHER, ST. AUGUSTINE" (Zamboanga City History) "He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom."
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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