Cardinals created by Francis
Pope Francis (r. 2013–present) held the first consistory of his pontificate on 22 February 2014, where he raised 19 to the rank of cardinal. For the first time, a Pope Emeritus, Benedict XVI, attended a consistory. A second consistory was held on 14 February 2015.
22 February 2014
On 31 October 2013, Pope Francis announced plans to name new cardinals in a consistory on 22 February 2014.[1] In December 2013, he said that rumors that he might name a woman cardinal were not to be taken seriously.[2] He announced the names of 19 new cardinals on January 12, 2014.[3] Sixteen were under the age of 80, eligible to vote in papal conclaves.[4] Observers attempting to interpret Francis' approach to naming cardinals noted the absence of certain names, including the heads of the dioceses of Venice and Turin and the Vatican Librarian and Archivist.[5] Others noted a preference for clerics with pastoral experience and only a single theologian, Müller.[6] John L. Allen said the choices made the February meeting the "Consistory of the Periphery", noting the "broad global distribution" of the new cardinals.[7] Of the nomination of the archbishop of Perugia rather than those of more prestigious dioceses like Turin and Venice, La Stampa said: "Any career planners in the Church who had the path from the seminary to the cardinalship set out very clearly in their minds will have to think again."[8]
Pope Francis sent a letter to each cardinal-designate that said:[9]
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The cardinalship does not imply promotion; it is neither an honour nor a decoration; it is simply a service that requires you to broaden your gaze and open your hearts.... Therefore I ask you, please, to receive this designation with a simple and humble heart. And, while you must do so with pleasure and joy, ensure that this sentiment is far from any expression of worldliness or from any form of celebration contrary to the evangelical spirit of austerity, sobriety and poverty.
Those made cardinal at the consistory were:[10]
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI attended the consistory. He doffed his zucchetto when Pope Francis came down the nave of St. Peter's Basilica to greet him,[10][11] and took a seat in a row with several cardinals using a chair the same as theirs.[12] Loris Francesco Capovilla was granted a dispensation and did not attend the consistory.[13]
Prior to the consistory, there were 106 cardinals under the age of 80 and eligible to participate in the election of a pope. Another 10 were to turn 80 in the remainder of 2014. The maximum of participants in a papal conclave, though often waived, is set at 120.[14]
14 February 2015
On 11 December 2014, the Vatican announced that new cardinals would be created at a consistory on 14 February 2015.[15] On 4 January 2015, Pope Francis announced the names of 20 cardinals-designate, including 15 who are under the age of 80.[16] Vatican spokesman, Rev. Federico Lombardi, said the list "confirms that the pope doesn't feel tied to the traditional 'cardinal sees'", like Turin and Venice, "which reflected historic reasons in various countries. Instead we have various nominations of archbishops or bishops of sees in the past that wouldn't have had a cardinal."[17] The selections continued the pattern Pope Francis established the previous year, showing a "preference for diocesan bishops" and for the southern hemisphere.[18] Of those under the age of 80, only one is a member of the Curia (Mamberti); three are bishops rather than archbishops; four are the first cardinals from their countries (Cabo Verde, Myanmar, Panama, Tonga) and others from a diocese that has not had one for decades (Agrigento, Italy, not since 1786; Ancona, Italy, not in more than a century; Montevideo, Uruguay, not since 1979; Vallodolid, Spain, not since 1919) or never had one (Morelia, Mexico).[18][19] Nine have been elected by their peers as president of a national or regional episcopal conference.[20]
On 23 January 2015, Pope Francis advised each nominees how to respond to his appointment: "Accept it with humility. Only do so in a way that in these celebrations there does not creep in a spirit of worldliness that intoxicates more than grappa on an empty stomach, disorienting and separating one from the cross of Christ."[21]
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI again attended the consistory and was greeted by Pope Francis before and after the ceremony. The only new cardinal unable to attend was Archbishop José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez, whose health prevented him from traveling to Rome.[22]
See also
References
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