Samudaya sacca
| Translations of Samudaya saccã |
|
|---|---|
| English | truth of the origin, truth of the origin of suffering |
| Pali | samudaya saccã samudaya sacca |
| Sanskrit | samudaya-satya |
| Chinese | 集 (T) / 集 (S) |
| Korean | 집 (RR: jib) |
| Tibetan | ཀུན་འབྱུང་བའི་བདེན་པ་ (Wylie: kun 'byung; THL: kunjung) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Samudaya sacca (Pali, also Samudaya saccã; Sanskrit: samudaya-satya) is the second of the four noble truths within Buddhist tradition. It refers to the origin or causes of dukkha (suffering).
Contents
Etymology
Samudaya has several meanings. It is usually translated as "origin" or "source", but does also mean "whole", "combination" and junction".[1] According to James Woods,
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...a collection (samuddya) is not merely an assemblage of parts, but is a unity performing functions which the parts by themselves cannot perform, for example, the blanket, the rope, The chariot, as compared with the threads, the fibres, the chariot-parts.[2]
Sacca, Sanskrit satya, means "truth" or "reality".
Thus, samudaya sacca is typically translated as the "truth of the origin" or "truth of the origin of suffering." It refers specifically to the origin or causes of dukkha (suffering).[lower-alpha 1]
Within the four noble truths
Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin (Pali: samudaya) of suffering (Pali: dukkha) is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja).[4][web 1][lower-alpha 2] This craving runs on three channels:[4][5][6]
- Craving for sense-pleasures (kama-tanha): this is craving for sense objects which provide pleasant feeling, or craving for sensory pleasures.
- Craving to be (bhava-tanha): this is craving to be something, to unite with an experience. This includes craving to be solid and ongoing, to be a being that has a past and a future,[7] and craving to prevail and dominate over others.
- Craving not to be (vibhava-tanha): this is craving to not experience the world, and to be nothing; a wish to be separated from painful feelings.[8]
Ignorance (Pali: avijja) can be defined as ignorance of the meaning and implication of the four noble truths.[9] On a deeper level, it refers to a misunderstanding of the nature of the self and reality.[10]
Another common explanation presents the cause of dukkha as disturbing emotions (Sanskrit: kleshas) rooted in ignorance (Sanskrit: avidya).[lower-alpha 3] In this context, it is common to identify three root disturbing emotions, called the three poisons,[11][12] as the root cause of suffering or dukkha. These three poisons are:
- Ignorance (Sanskrit: avidya or moha): misunderstanding of the nature of reality; bewilderment.
- Attachment (Sanskrit: raga): attachment to pleasurable experiences.
- Aversion (Sanskrit: dvesha): a fear of getting what we don't want, or not getting what we do want.[13]
Within the Abhidharma
Within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings, the origin of dukkha is identified as the three unwholesome roots. The Pali terms for the unwholesome roots are:
The three unwholesome roots are referred to as the three poisons in the Mahayana tradition. The equivalent Sanskrit terms for these three kleshas are:
See also
Notes
- ↑ Contemporary psychologist David Brazier states that "dukkha samudaya" may also been interpreted as the response to dukkha, or the emotions that rise up together with dukkha.[3]
- ↑ This explanation is more common in commentaries on the Four Noble Truths within the Theravada tradition: e.g. Ajahn Sucitta (2010); Ajahn Sumedho (ebook); Rahula (1974); etc.
- ↑ This explanation is more common in commentaries on the Four Noble Truths within the Mahayana tradition: e.g. Ringu Tulku (2005), p. 30; Chogyam Trunpa (2010); Thich Nhat Hahn (1999), p. 22. This explanation is also given in the Abhidharma teachings of both the Theravada and Mahayana traditions; see Kleshas (Buddhism).
References
- ↑ Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit, samudaya
- ↑ James Woods (1914), “The yoga-system of Patañjali; or, The ancient Hindu doctrine of concentration of mind, embracing the mnemonic rules, called Yoga-sutras, of Patañjali, and the comment, called Yoga-bhashya page xvii
- ↑ David Brazier, The Feeling Buddha
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Walpola Rahula 1974, p. 791-809.
- ↑ Gethin (1998), p. 70
- ↑ Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Kindle Location 943-946
- ↑ Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Kindle Locations 966-979
- ↑ See the article Tanha for further citations and clarification.
- ↑ Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Kindle Locations 1125-1132.
- ↑ See the article Avidya (Buddhism) for further citations and clarification.
- ↑ Dalai Lama (1992), p. 4, 42
- ↑ Ringu Tulku (2005), p. 30.
- ↑ See the respective articles for citations and further clarification.
Web references
Sources
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