Counties of Croatia

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Counties of Croatia
Hrvatske županije (Croatian)

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Category Unitary state
Location Republic of Croatia
Number 20 Counties
Populations 50,927 (Lika-Senj) – 790,017 (Zagreb)
Areas 640 km2 (247 sq mi) (Zagreb) – 5,350 km2 (2,067 sq mi) (Lika-Senj)
Government County government, National government
Subdivisions Municipality

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The counties of Croatia (Croatian: županije) are the primary administrative subdivisions of the Republic of Croatia.[1] Since they were re-established in 1992, Croatia has been divided into 20 counties and the capital city of Zagreb, which has the authority and legal status of both a county and a city (separate from the surrounding Zagreb County).[2][3] The counties are subdivided into 127 cities and 429 (mostly rural) municipalities.[4]

Government

Each county has an assembly (Croatian: skupština) with members elected by popular vote through closed lists in local elections.[5] The executive branch of each county's government is headed by a county prefect (Croatian: župan), except that a mayor heads the city of Zagreb's executive branch.[6]

Funding and tasks

The counties are funded by the central government, as well as from county-owned businesses, county taxes and county fees.[7] County taxes include a five percent inheritance and gift tax, a motor vehicle tax, a vessel tax and an arcade game machine tax.[8] The counties are tasked with performing general public administration services, primary and secondary education, government funded healthcare, social welfare, administration pertaining to agriculture, forestry, hunting, fisheries, mining, industry and construction, as well as road transport infrastructure management and other services to the economy, at the county level; the central government and local (city and municipal) governments may also perform each of those tasks at their respective levels.[9] The Croatian County Association was set up in 2003 as a framework for inter-county cooperation.[10]

Nomenclature

The Croatian (singular) term županija was originally applied to territory controlled by a župan (official title).[11] Since the 12th century, the counties have also been referred to by the Latin term comitatus.[11]

History

Map of approximate locations of early medieval counties of Croatia
Approximate positions of the first counties of 10th century Croatia, overlaid on a map of modern Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina

Croatia was first subdivided into counties in the Middle Ages.[12] Counties were first introduced in Croatia during the House of Trpimirović's rule. The exact number and borders of these early counties are difficult to determine accurately; they were considered to encompass areas subordinated to a single centre of local authority, but the possessions of significant nobles had a legal status separate from local authority.

The following eleven are usually listed as the oldest counties of Croatia, dating back to the 10th century:[13]

In the same period, the counties in Pannonian Croatia (north of Gvozd Mountain) are poorly documented. It is generally thought that the Pannonian counties were directly subject to the Croatian monarchy, unlike the southern counties controlled by nobles.[11]

The county number, extent and authority have varied significantly, reflecting: changes in the monarchial and noble relative influences; Ottoman conquest and Croatian recapture of various territories; and societal and political changes through several centuries.[11][14] In the 13th and 14th century, the Croatian nobility grew stronger and the counties defined by the king were reduced to a legislative framework, while military and financial power was concentrated in the feudal lords. Other forms of administration that overlapped with county administration in this period included the Roman Catholic Church and the free royal cities, and separately the cities of Dalmatia. After Croatia became a crown land of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1527, the importance of counties faded even further, but was gradually restored after 1760.[11]

The divisions have changed over time, reflecting: territorial losses to Ottoman conquest and subsequent Croatian recapture of some territory; changes in the political status of Dalmatia, Dubrovnik and Istria; and political circumstances, including the personal union and settlement between Croatia and Hungary.[11][14]

In the 19th century, the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas brought upon numerous political changes and introduced a civic government of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia as part of Austria-Hungary, which in turn proceeded to absorb the Croatian and Slavonian Military Frontiers in 1881. The last major reorganisation of the counties was in 1886, when eight counties were established within the kingdom. This layout largely remained in effect until the Croatian counties were abolished in 1922,[11][14] while some minor adjustments of county boundaries happened in 1913.[15] The counties were set up as self-governmental units in contrast to earlier county incarnations since the Middle Ages. Each had an assembly with the wealthiest taxpayers comprising half the assembly members and elected members comprising the remaining half.[11]

The traditional division of Croatia into counties was abolished in 1922, when the oblasts of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were introduced; these were later replaced by the banovinas of Yugoslavia.[16] Communist-ruled Croatia, as a constituent part of post-World War II Yugoslavia, organised Croatia into approximately 100 municipalities. The counties were reintroduced in 1992, but with significant territorial alterations from the pre-1922 subdivisions; for instance, before 1922 Transleithanian Croatia was divided into eight counties, but the new legislation established fourteen counties in the same territory. Međimurje County was established in the eponymous region acquired through the 1920 Treaty of Trianon.[17][18] The county borders have sometimes changed since their 1992 restoration (for reasons such as historical ties and requests by cities); the latest revision took place in 2006.[4]

Today's counties correspond to tier three of the European Union (EU) Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) division of Croatia. The NUTS Local Administrative Unit (LAU) divisions are two-tiered; the LAU 1 divisions for Croatia also match the counties (in effect making these the same as the NUTS 3 units).[19]

Lists of counties

Current

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See also: List of Croatian counties by GDP
Counties of Croatia as defined in 2006
County Seat Area[20] Population (2011)[20] GDP per capita (2011)[21] Arms Geographic coordinates
Bjelovar-Bilogora Bjelovar 2,640 km2 (1,020 sq mi) 119,764 070627,062 € Coat of arms of Bjelovar-Bilogora County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Brod-Posavina Slavonski Brod 2,030 km2 (780 sq mi) 158,575 058825,882 € Coat of arms of Brod-Posavina County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Dubrovnik-Neretva Dubrovnik 1,781 km2 (688 sq mi) 122,568 098079,807 € Coat of arms of Dubrovnik-Neretva County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Istria Pazin 2,813 km2 (1,086 sq mi) 208,055 1299112,991 € Coat of arms of Istria County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Karlovac Karlovac 3,626 km2 (1,400 sq mi) 128,899 077097,709 € Coat of arms of Karlovac County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Koprivnica-Križevci Koprivnica 1,748 km2 (675 sq mi) 115,584 085248,524 € Coat of arms of Koprivnica-Križevci County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Krapina-Zagorje Krapina 1,229 km2 (475 sq mi) 132,892 063006,300 € Coat of arms of Krapina-Zagorje County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lika-Senj Gospić 5,353 km2 (2,067 sq mi) 50,927 080818,081 € Coat of arms of Lika-Senj County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Međimurje CČakovecČakovec 0,730729 km2 (281 sq mi) 113,804 084598,459 € Coat of arms of Međimurje County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Osijek-Baranja Osijek 4,155 km2 (1,604 sq mi) 305,032 082718,271 € Coat of arms of Osijek-Baranja County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Požega-Slavonia Požega 1,823 km2 (704 sq mi) 78,034 062816,281 € Coat of arms of Požega-Slavonia County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Primorje-Gorski Kotar Rijeka 3,588 km2 (1,385 sq mi) 296,195 1272412,724 € 40px Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
SŠibenikŠibenik-Knin SŠibenikŠibenik 2,984 km2 (1,152 sq mi) 109,375 079307,930 € Coat of arms of Šibenik-Knin County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Sisak-Moslavina Sisak 4,468 km2 (1,725 sq mi) 172,439 082148,214 € Coat of arms of Sisak-Moslavina County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Split-Dalmatia Split 4,540 km2 (1,750 sq mi) 454,798 080728,072 € Coat of arms of Split-Dalmatia County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Varaždin Varaždin 1,262 km2 (487 sq mi) 175,951 082858,285 € Post-1992 coat of arms of Varaždin County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Virovitica-Podravina Virovitica 2,024 km2 (781 sq mi) 84,836 063336,333 € Coat of arms of Virovitica-Podravina County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Vukovar-Srijem Vukovar 2,454 km2 (947 sq mi) 179,521 062176,217 € Coat of arms of Vukovar-Srijem County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Zadar Zadar 3,646 km2 (1,408 sq mi) 170,017 083028,302 € Coat of arms of Zadar County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Zagreb County Zagreb 3,060 km2 (1,180 sq mi) 317,606 077867,786 € Post-1992 coat of arms of Zagreb County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Zagreb, the city ofCity of Zagreb[lower-alpha 1] Zagreb 0,641641 km2 (247 sq mi) 790,017 1850318,503 € Coat of arms of the city of Zagreb Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Former

Map of counties of Croatia in 1886
Counties of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, and location of the kingdom within Austria-Hungary (inset, orange)
Counties of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the reorganisation of 1886
County Seat Area
(1886–1912)[15]		 Population (1910)[22] Arms Geographic coordinates
Bjelovar-Križevci Bjelovar 5,048 km2 (1,949 sq mi) 331,385 Coat of arms of Bjelovar-Križevci County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lika-Krbava Gospić 6,217 km2 (2,400 sq mi) 203,973 Coat of arms of Lika-Krbava County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Modruš-Rijeka Ogulin 4,874 km2 (1,882 sq mi) 231,354 Modrus-Fiume coatofarms.jpg Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Požega Požega 4,938 km2 (1,907 sq mi) 263,690 Coat of arms of Požega County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Syrmia Vukovar 6,848 km2 (2,644 sq mi) 410,007 Coat of arms of Syrmia County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Varaždin Varaždin 2,521 km2 (973 sq mi) 305,558 Pre-1922 coat of arms of Varaždin County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Virovitica Osijek 4,852 km2 (1,873 sq mi) 269,199 Coat of arms of Virovitica County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Zagreb Zagreb 7,215 km2 (2,786 sq mi) 587,378 Pre-1922 coat of arms of Zagreb County Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The city of Zagreb acts as both a county and a city, and is not part of any other county—Zagreb County is a separate administrative unit encompassing territory outside the city of Zagreb.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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