1837

This article is about the year 1837.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1800s  1810s  1820s  – 1830s –  1840s  1850s  1860s
Years:	1834 1835 1836 – 1837 – 1838 1839 1840

1837 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Brazil - Canada – Denmark - France – Germany – Mexico – Norway - Philippines - Portugal– Russia - South Africa – Spain - Sweden - United Kingdom – United States

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1837 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1837 MDCCCXXXVII
Ab urbe condita	2590
Armenian calendar	1286 ԹՎ ՌՄՁԶ
Assyrian calendar	6587
Bengali calendar	1244
Berber calendar	2787
British Regnal year	7 Will. 4 – 1 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2381
Burmese calendar	1199
Byzantine calendar	7345–7346
Chinese calendar	丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4533 or 4473     — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 4534 or 4474
Coptic calendar	1553–1554
Discordian calendar	3003
Ethiopian calendar	1829–1830
Hebrew calendar	5597–5598
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1893–1894
- Shaka Samvat	1759–1760
- Kali Yuga	4938–4939
Holocene calendar	11837
Igbo calendar	837–838
Iranian calendar	1215–1216
Islamic calendar	1252–1253
Japanese calendar	Tenpō 8 (天保８年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4170
Minguo calendar	75 before ROC 民前75年
Thai solar calendar	2379–2380

1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Julian calendar, the 1837th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 837th year of the 2nd millennium, the 37th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1830s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1837 is 12 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–March

• January 1 – Galilee earthquake.
• January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
• February – Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist begins publication in serial form in London.
• February 4 – Seminoles attack Fort Foster in Florida.
• February 25 – In Philadelphia, the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) is founded as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.
• March 4
  • Martin Van Buren succeeds Andrew Jackson as President of the United States.
  • The city of Chicago is incorporated.

April–June

June 20: Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901).

• April 12- The conglomerate of Procter & Gamble has its origins when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• May – W. F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patented a system of electrical telegraph.
• May 10 – The Panic of 1837 begins in New York City.
• June 5 – The city of Houston, is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
• June 11 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.
• June 20 – 18-year-old Queen Victoria accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom on the death of her uncle William IV without legitimate heirs. She will reign for more than 63 years. Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.

July–September

• July – Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant ship Morrison. In the Morrison incident, he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.
• July 13 – Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, her London home.
• August 16 – The Dutch sack the fortress of Bonjol, ending the Padri War.
• September – Battle of Aranzueque: Liberal victory for the forces loyal to Queen Isabel II of Spain, end of the Carlist campaign known as the Expedición Real – The First Carlist War.
• September 28 – Samuel Morse files a caveat for a patent for the telegraph.

October–December

• October 10 - October 13 – The French army besieges and captures Constantine in French Algeria.
• October 22 – Henry David Thoreau makes his first journal entry at the suggestion of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
• November 7 – American abolitionist and newspaper editor Elijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob, at his warehouse in Alton, Illinois.
• November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
• November–December – In the Canadas, William Lyon Mackenzie leads the Upper Canada Rebellion and Louis-Joseph Papineau leads the Lower Canada Rebellion.
• December 17 – Fire in the Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg.
• December 29 – The Caroline affair on the Niagara River, the basis for the Caroline test for anticipatory self-defence in international relations.

Date unknown

L’Atelier de l'artiste. An 1837 daguerreotype by Louis Daguerre, the first to complete the full process.

• At Le Mans, France, Father Basil Moreau, CSC, founds the Congregation of Holy Cross by joining the Brothers of St. Joseph and the Auxiliary Priests of Le Mans.
• Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype.
• The 5th century BC Berlin Foundry Cup is acquired for the Antikensammlung Berlin in Germany.
• Sylvain Charles Valée and French troops capture Skikda, Algeria.

Births

January–June

J. P. Morgan

• January 2 – Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910)
• January 7 – Thomas Henry Ismay, known for acquiring the WSL flag (d. 1899)
• February 5 – Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (d. 1899)
• February 13 – Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914)
• March 1 – William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d. 1920)
• March 7 – Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
• March 18 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (d. 1908)
• March 23 – Charles Wyndham, English actor and theatrical manager (d. 1919)
• April 5 – Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (d. 1909)
• April 17 – John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker (d. 1913)
• April 21 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1922)
• April 29 – Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general and politician (d. 1891)
• May 7 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (d. 1875)
• May 9 – Adam Opel, German engineer and industrialist (d. 1895)
• May 27 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876)
• May 28
  • George Ashlin, Irish Architect (d. 1921)
  • Tony Pastor, American impresario and theater owner (d. 1908)
• June 22
  • Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884)
  • Touch the Clouds, Native American Miniconjou chief 7 feet tall (d. 1905)
  • Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (d. 1920)

July–December

• July 4 – Carolus-Duran, French painter (d. 1917)
• July 18 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)
• August 24 – Théodore Dubois, French composer (d. 1924)
• September 2 – James H. Wilson, Major General in the American Civil War (d. 1925)
• September 14 – Nikolai Bugaev, prominent Russian mathematician (d.1903)
• September 12 – Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (d. 1892)
• September 16 – King Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
• September 18 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, (Portuguese) Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880)
• October 3 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (d. 1885)
• October 10 – Robert Gould Shaw, American Civil War General, reformer (d. 1863)
• October 26 – Carl Koldewey, German explorer famous for the German North Polar Expedition (d. 1908)
• October 28 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the 15th and the last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate (d. 1913)
• October 29 – Harriet Powers, African-American folk artist (d. 1910)
• November 2 – Émile Bayard, French artist, illustrator (d. 1891)
• November 5 – Saint Arnold Janssen (d. 1909)
• November 14 – Lucas Barrett, English naturalist (d. 1862)
• November 20 – Lewis Waterman, American inventor and businessman (d.1901)
• November 23 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)
• November 24 – Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I (d. 1898)
• December 15 – George B. Post American architect (d. 1913)
• December 26
  • William Boyd Dawkins, British geologist (d. 1929)
  • George Dewey, U.S. naval officer (d. 1917)

Date unknown

• Katherine Fox, American medium (d. 1892)
• Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones"), Irish-American labor leader (d. 1930)

Deaths

January–June

Alexander Pushkin

• January 20 – John Soane, British architect (b. 1753)
• January 23 – John Field, Irish composer (b. 1782)
• February 7 – Gustav IV Adolf, ex-King of Sweden (b. 1778)
• February 10 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (b. 1799)
• February 19 – Georg Büchner, German playwright (b. 1813)
• March 31 – John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
• April 28 – Joseph Souham, French general (b. 1760)
• May 20 – Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1747)
• June 14 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)
• June 20 – King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)

July–December

• September 7 – Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken, Russian military leader (b. 1752)
• September 21 – Pieter Vreede, Dutch politician (b. 1750)
• September 28 – Akbar II, last Mughal emperor of India (b. 1760)
• October 1 – Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777)
• October 10 – Charles Fourier, philosopher (b. 1772)
• October 12 – Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont, French governor-general of French Algeria, killed during the siege of Constantine (b. 1783)
• November 7 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (b. 1809)

Further reading

• Procter & Gamble history
• Morse Timeline on memory.loc.gov (accessed on 27 May 2014)