1899 in Germany
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Contents
Incumbents
National level
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria - Otto of Bavaria
- King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony - Albert of Saxony
- King of Württemberg - William II of Württemberg
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick Francis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Peter II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - Charles Alexander
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe - George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe - Alexander, Prince of Lippe (with Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld as regent)
- Reuss Elder Line - Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont - Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt - Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick - Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) - Jesko von Puttkamer (6th term)
- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) - Carl Rosendahl to 19 February, then Otto Jäschke
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) - Eduard von Liebert
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) — Hugo Skopnik (Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company) to 31 March, then Rudolf von Bennigsen (governor)
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - Theodor Leutwein
- Togoland - August Köhler
Events
- 1 April - The German Imperial Army was expanded with the establishment of the XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps, the XVIII Corps and the 37th, 38th, 39th and 40th Divisions.
- 18 April - Cargo ship SS Saxonia launched.
- 1 June - Battleship SMS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse launched.
- 18 July - Light cruiser SMS Niobe launched.
- 20 September - Ocean liner SS Rhein launched.
- 18 October - Battleship SMS Kaiser Karl der Grosse launched.
- 18 October - Battleship SMS Wörth launched.
- 25 November - Transport ship SS Hamburg launched.
- 2 December - The Tripartite Convention, which brings an end to the Samoan Civil War by dividing the islands between Germany and the United States of America, is signed by Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom, pursuant to which the colony of German Samoa in established in 1900.
- 2 December - Transport ship SS Grosser Kurfürst, launched.
- 11 December - Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Bernhard von Bülow delivers his 'hammer and anvil' speech to the Reichstag calling for Germany to continue its drive to becoming one of the world's greatest powers. The speech was greeted with rapture from the right and anger from the left.[1]
Date unknown
- The political career of future Chancellor Wilhelm Marx of the Centre Party begins when he is elected to the Prussian Landtag.[2]
- The German–Spanish Treaty was signed, ending the interests of Spain in the Pacific Ocean and ensuring German control of the Caroline Islands, the Mariana Islands and Palau.
- Max Wolf and Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann discover the asteroids 442 Eichsfeldia, 443 Photographica, 446 Aeternitas, 447 Valentine, 448 Natalie, 449 Hamburga and 450 Brigitta at the University of Heidelberg.
- The chemist Felix Hoffmann patented the drug aspirin.
- Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft began archaeological excavations of Babylon.
- The 80 cm refracting telescope is completed at Potsdam Observatory.
- Biologist Ernst Haeckel published his Kunstformen der Natur.
- Two ships of the Victoria Louise class of protected cruiser were commissioned - the lead ship of the class SMS Victoria Louise in February and SMS Vineta in September.
- The ocean liner SS Köln was also launched.
- The automotive company Hella was established under the name Westfälische Metall-Industrie Aktien-Gesellschaft.
- The Horch car company was established at Ehrenfeld (Cologne) by August Horch and his partner Salli Herz.
Popular culture
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Arts
- The Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin was opened.
Sport
- 4 February - SV Werder Bremen founded.
- 23 February - FC Germania 1899 Mühlhausen founded.
- 8 March - The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (later Eintracht Frankfurt) founded.
- 17 April - VfL Osnabrück founded.
- 1 June - FC Bremerhaven founded.
- 1 July - Turnverein Hoffenheim (later TSG 1899 Hoffenheim) founded.
- 21 September - Stuttgarter Kickers founded.
- 29 September - SC Naumburg founded.
- 1 November - FC Bavaria 1899 München founded.
- 2 December - Chemnitzer BC founded.
- Other association football clubs established include 1. Bockenheimer FC 1899, SC Germania 1899 Bremen, FSV Frankfurt, SC Neukirchen, Sportfreunde Siegen and SV Wiesbaden.
- The Southern German football championship is won by Straßburger FV whilst the Brandenburg football championship is won by BFC Preussen.
Births
- 12 January - Josef Wagner, Nazi Gauleiter
- 13 January - Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer, chemist
- 18 January - Princess Marie Melita of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, noblewoman
- 29 January - Heinrich Blücher, poet and philosopher
- 15 February - Ernst Biberstein, SS Officer
- 23 February - Erich Kästner, author
- 23 February - Elisabeth Langgässer, author
- 25 February - Leo Weisgerber, linguist
- 28 February - Kurt Freiherr von Liebenstein, Army general
- 1 March - Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, SS Officer
- 3 March - Eugen Fischer, historian
- 3 March - Albert Krebs, Nazi official
- 4 March - Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg, noblewoman
- 27 March - Kurt Neubauer, Nazi 'martyr'
- 13 March - Ernst Friedrich Lohndorff, author
- 15 March - Ernst Simon, Jewish educator and religious philosopher
- 16 March - Hans Otfried von Linstow, Army officer
- 31 March - Franz Völker, opera singer
- 4 April - Hillel Oppenheimer, botanist
- 6 April - Peter Adolf Thiessen, physical chemist
- 9 April - Hans Jeschonnek, Luftwaffe officer
- 15 April - Hugo Grau, veterinarian
- 16 April - Karl Schumm, Olympic diver
- 14 May - Charlotte Auerbach, geneticist
- 17 May - Robert Richter, film producer
- 23 May - Charlotte Riefenstahl, physicist
- 27 May - Hans Brausewetter, film actor
- 12 June - Fritz Albert Lipmann, biochemist
- 22 June - Hans Zehrer, journalist
- 23 June - Gerhard von Schwerin, Army general
- 25 June - Charlotte von Kirschbaum, theologian
- 3 July - Ludwig Guttmann, neurologist and Paralympic Games founder
- 22 July - Wolfgang Metzger, psychologist
- 23 July - Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany
- 14 August - Fritz Schwarz, bobsledder
- 26 August - Wolfgang Krull, mathematician
- 1 September - Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig, Army officer
- 5 September - Georg Leibbrandt, Nazi Party activist
- 13 September - Bolko von Richthofen, archaeologist
- 23 September - Sigismund-Helmut von Dawans, Wehrmacht general
- 10 October - Wilhelm Röpke, economist
- 22 October - Felix Scheder-Bieschin, Olympic sailor
- 7 November - Eberhard Finckh, Army officer
- 10 November - Wessel von Freytag-Loringhoven, Army officer
- 24 November - Hilmar Wäckerle, commandant of Dachau concentration camp
- 26 November - Bruno Hauptmann, convicted murderer
- 4 December - Karl-Günther Heimsoth, physician and polygraph (died 1934)
- 5 December - Wolfgang Kaden, U-boat commander
- 11 December - Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1899–1997), businessman
- 13 December - Wilhelm Decker, Nazi Germany official
- 22 December - Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, noblewoman
- Date unknown - Hansjoachim von der Esch, explorer
- Date unknown - Walter Gerwig, musician
- Date unknown - Siegfried Adolf Kummer, mystic
- Date unknown - Kurt Roth, painter
- Date unknown - Paul Schmidt, translator
Deaths
- 9 January - Ernst Julius Gurlt, surgeon
- 18 January - Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, zoologist
- 18 January - Heinrich Kirchweger, railway engineer
- 1 February - Ernst Melzer, philosopher
- 6 February - Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, nobleman
- 6 February - Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany
- 9 February - Karl Müller, bryologist
- 11 February - Johann August Kaupert, topographer
- 20 February - Ernst Philipp Karl Lange, novellist
- 8 March - Johann Baptist Weiss, historian
- 14 March - Heymann Steinthal, philologist
- 24 March - Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann, physicist
- 15 April - Lambert Heinrich von Babo, chemist
- 15 April - Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, psychiatrist
- 1 May - Ludwig Büchner, philosopher
- 2 May - Eduard von Simson, jurist and politician
- 6 May - Philipp Krementz, Archbishop of Cologne
- 1 June - Klaus Groth, poet
- 19 June - Eugen von Lommel, physicist
- 12 July - Azriel Hildesheimer, founder of Modern Orthodox Judaism
- 22 July - Ludwig Bamberger, economist and politician
- 27 July - Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, chess player
- 29 July - Adolf Schreyer, painter
- 30 July - Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe, noblewoman
- 4 August - Karl, Freiherr von Prel, philosopher
- 13 August - Karl Heinrich Weizsäcker, theologian
- 28 October - Ottmar Mergenthaler, inventor of linotype
- 14 November - Ferdinand Tiemann, chemist
- 16 November - Julius Hermann Moritz Busch, publicist
- 3 December - Georg Ratzinger (politician), priest and politician
- 8 December - Max Lange, chess player
- 28 December - Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, mineralogist
- Date unknown - Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Alfred Fleckeisen, philologist
- Date unknown - Ulrike von Levetzow, 'muse' to Goethe
- Date unknown - Hermann Wislicenus, painter
- Date unknown - Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, orientalist
References
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