1968 Scotland storm
| Formed | 12 January 1968 |
|---|---|
| Dissipated | 18 January 1968 |
| Lowest pressure | 956 mb (28.2 inHg) |
| Highest gust | 140 mph (230 km/h)[1] |
| Damage | £30 million (1968 USD)[2] |
| Areas affected | Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, Denmark |
The 1968 Scotland storm (or Hurricane Low Q)[1][2] was a deadly storm that moved through the Central Belt of Scotland during mid January 1968. It was described as Central Scotland's worst natural disaster since records began and the worst gale in the United Kingdom.[2][3][4] Some said that the damage resembled what happened during the Clydebank Blitz in 1941.[5] 20 people died from the storm, with 9 dead in Glasgow.[6] 700 people were left homeless.[7]
A 134 mph (216 km/h) wind gust was recorded at Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, England. At the time this was the strongest wind gust ever recorded in the United Kingdom,[8] though this was superseded in 1986 when a 173 mph (278 km/h) gust was recorded at Cairn Gorm.[9]
Contents
Meteorological history
The origins of this violent storm appear to be from a cold front near Bermuda on 13 January 1968.[3] The system moved north of the Azores the next day and still appeared as a shallow low pressure area. In the next 24 hours, this low explosively deepened 50 millibars to 956 mb (28.2 inHg) and passed over Central Scotland.[3] The storm continued to move over Northern Europe before dissipating on 18 January 1968.
Impact
United Kingdom
15 January 1968 began as a mild day, then temperatures grew cooler as the day progressed.[6] The highest temperature on that day was 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) at St. James's Park, London and the lowest was 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) which at Lerwick, Shetland.[6] The most rainfall on 15 January in the British Isles was 24.9 mm (0.98 in) at South Barrule.[6] In Glasgow alone, over 300 houses were destroyed and 70,000 homes were damaged.[1] Due to the strong winds, half of Glasgow's council houses were damaged.[4] Many people evacuated the then Europe's tallest flats as they began swaying.[10] Officials said at least seven ships sank or broke up adrift causing over hundreds of thousands of pounds.[4] Off the east coast of Scotland, a drilling rig called Sea Quest was set adrift in rough seas.[3] Over a thousand mature trees were downed in the Central Belt, as well as power lines.[3] In total the storm felled 8,000 hectares of forest across Scotland (1.6 million cubic metres of timber).[11] A Glasgow police spokesman said that it was 'absolute havoc' in the city.[12] Electrical power also failed in Glasgow, leaving the whole city in darkness.[13]
In England and Wales, a five-day freeze ended with some roads flooded by up to 3 ft (91 cm) of water.[14] Large waves pounded the English Channel coastline.[13]
Wind speeds
| Measuring station | Wind gust |
|---|---|
| Cairn Gorm | 173 mph (278 km/h) |
| Great Dun Fell | 134 mph (216 km/h) |
| Tiree | 118 mph (190 km/h) |
| Bell Rock | 111 mph (179 km/h) |
| Cairn Gorm | 107 mph (172 km/h) |
| Leuchars | 106 mph (171 km/h) |
| Turnhouse | 104 mph (167 km/h) |
| Prestwick | |
| Abbotsinch | 103 mph (166 km/h) |
|
|
|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calm | Light Air | Light Breeze | Gentle Breeze | Moderate Breeze | Fresh Breeze | Strong Breeze | Near Gale | Gale | Strong Gale | Storm | Violent Storm | Hurricane Force |
| Light Winds | High Winds | Gale-force | Storm-force | Hurricane-force | ||||||||
| <1 mph <1 knot <0.3 m/s |
1–3 mph 1–3 knots 0.3–1.5 m/s |
4–7 mph 4–6 knots 1.6–3.3 m/s |
8–12 mph 7–10 knots 3.4–5.5 m/s |
13–18 mph 11–16 knots 5.5–7.9 m/s |
18–24 mph 17–21 knots 8.0–10.7 m/s |
25–31 mph 22–27 knots 10.8–13.8 m/s |
31–38 mph 28–33 knots 13.9–17.1 m/s |
39–46 mph 34–40 knots 17.2–20.7 m/s |
47-54 mph 41–47 knots 20.8–24.4 m/s |
55–63 mph 48–55 knots 24.5–28.4 m/s |
64–72 mph 56–63 knots 28.5–32.6 m/s |
≥73 mph ≥63 knots ≥32.7 m/s |
Rest of Europe
In Denmark, officials in Copenhagen said that eight people died in the country from the storm.[5][15]
Aftermath
After the storm moved away, the death toll continued to rise. 30 people died from repairing houses.[2] On 16 January 1968, about 150 troops from Edinburgh came to Glasgow to help with the clean-up operation.[10] There was little national press coverage of the storm, despite it affecting most of northern England, Northern Ireland and Scotland. An interest-free loan of £500,000 was given by the Labour Government to the affected areas.[1][2] Singer Frankie Vaughan began to raise funds for the victims of the storm by holding a special concert at Alhambra Theatre in Glasgow.[10]
After the devastation of the storm in the area, the Glasgow City Council quickly imposed a new policy to improve housing in the city.[3]
References
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