22d Airlift Squadron

22d Airlift Squadron
300px A 22d Military Airlift Squadron C-5A Galaxy after being repainted in the European camouflage pattern
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Type	Strategic Airlift
Part of	60th Operations Group
Garrison/HQ	Travis Air Force Base, California
Nickname(s)	Mulies, Double Deuce
Engagements	World War II (Asia-Pacific Theater) Korean War
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citation (4x) Meritorious Unit Award Air Force Outstanding Unit Award (27x) Philippine Presidential Unit Citation (World War II) Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm
Insignia
22d Airlift Squadron Emblem	125px
Aircraft flown
Transport	Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

The 22d Airlift Squadron (22d AS) is part of the 60th Air Mobility Wing at Travis Air Force Base, California. It operates C-5 Galaxy aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission world wide.

Mission

Provide services and support, which promote quality of life and project global power through combat-proven airlift and airdrop.

History

World War II

The squadrons origins date to the activation of the 22d Air Transport Squadron (ATS) at Essendon Airport near Melbourne, Australia in the spring of 1942. Activated in the wake of the United States withdrawal from the Philippines, the squadron was formed with a mixture of personnel withdrawn from Clark Field and some reinforcements which had arrived in Australia but did not see combat in the Philippines.

File:22d Troop Carrier Squadron C-47 New Guinea.jpg

A 22d Troop Carrier Squadron C-46 flying over the Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea, 1943 during the Battle of New Guinea carrying supplies to the combat forces on the north side of the island.

The squadron was hastily put together with some impressed civilian Douglas DC-2s and DC-3s with a mission of transporting personnel, equipment and supplies within Australia, organizing American and Australian forces against the perceived Japanese invasion of Australia. Not having a formal command structure, the 22d ATS was assigned directly to the Fifth Air Force, Army Air Forces in Australia.

Over the next few months the squadron was assigned additional aircraft, flying derivatives of the Lockheed C-56 and C-60 Lodestar along with a war-weary four-engine Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress withdrawn from the Philippines and a Douglas B-18 Bolo which had found its way to the South Pacific. The squadron entered combat on 5 July 1942, being re-designated the 22d Troop Carrier Squadron. It participated in a paratroop drops at Nadzab, New Guinea, in September 1942. It continued to fly combat re-supply and casualty evacuation missions from Northern Australia until 11 October 1942, when the 22d TCS relocated closer to the fighting front to Garbutt Field, in northern Queensland, not far from Japanese-occupied New Guinea.

In November 1942 the squadron was assigned to the 374th Troop Carrier Group. The 374th was a newly arrived group from the United States and arrived with new C-47s. The mixture of aircraft the squadron was formed with were reassigned to other units. With the 374th the squadron continued to fly combat missions over New Guinea. On January 24, 1943, the squadron relocated from the Australian mainland to the airfield complex at Port Moresby, New Guinea.

The squadron moved to Finschhafen Airfield in August 1944 to support the Allied effort to push Japanese forces off the island. The fierce fighting in tropical and mountainous New Guinea continued until 1945. It proved to be one of the most important and difficult campaigns in the Pacific War. The 11,000 to 13,000 foot, jungle-clad Owen Stanley Range of New Guinea, known as "the Hump," was commemorated on the 22d TCS emblem, approved on June 17, 1944, and is still in use to this day.

In the final month of the Pacific War, the 22d TCS relocated to Nielson Field, Luzon, in the recently liberated Philippines, adding the larger Curtiss C-46 Commando transport plane to its veteran fleet of C-47s. When the Japanese surrendered in August 1945, the squadron was flying combat resupply and support missions from Nielson Field.

Postwar Service

In the immediate months after the end of the war, the squadron operated C-46 Commandos from Nielson Field until it was ordered demobilized at the end of January 1946, its personnel being returned to the United States. However, the need for infra-theater transport in the Southwest Pacific led to its re-activation on 15 October 1946 as part of the postwar Thirteenth Air Force, flying C-46s from Nichols Field, Luzon as part of the 374th Troop Carrier Group. With the closure of Nichols Field, the squadron was moved to Clark Field and was assigned long-range C-54 Skymasters for flights to Occupied Japan as well as other destinations in the Southwest Pacific.

In June 1948, in response to the urgent need for C-54 transports in Germany as a result of the Berlin Airlift, the squadron deployed to Wiesbaden Air Base where it flew constant missions in the Berlin Air Corridor to airports in West Berlin and back to Wiesbaden. It remained in Occupied Germany for almost a year until the end of the airlift, when it returned to the Pacific, although it was reassigned to Tachikawa Air Base, Japan, which was developed as a transport hub for military airlift into Occupied Japan. With its assignment to Tachikawa, the squadron was re-designated as the 22d Troop Carrier Squadron (Heavy).

Cold War

22d Troop Carrier Squadron Douglas C-124A-DL Globemaster II 51-118 at a snowy airfield, 1952

When the Korean War broke out in June 1950, the squadron flew thousands of missions across the Sea of Japan in direct support of U.N. troops fighting the Communist-backed invasion of South Korea. Its C-46s flew into rough combat airfields with ordinance, supplies, gasoline and other materiel to support the units in the field. It's C-54s flew into Kimpo and other permanent airfields, flying in equipment and evacuating casualties to hospitals in Japan. In 1952, the squadron was re-equipped with the Douglas C-124 Globemaster II intercontinental airlifter. From its base at Tachikawa, the squadron began flying trans-Pacific missions to Hawaii, along with flights to Military Air Transport Service (MATS) bases at McChord AFB, Washington and Travis AFB, California. It transported combat wounded and other personnel back to the United States, and personnel, equipment and supplies from the US to Japan.

After the Korean War ended in August 1953, the 22d TCS continued its mission of providing C-124 airlift throughout the Far East from Tachikawa during the 1950s. The unit was not operational between June 1957 and February 1959. In November 1958, the squadron was transferred from Pacific Air Forces to MATS as part of a re-alignment of airlift units. Beginning on 4 August 1964, the 22d began flying missions into South Vietnam and Thailand in support of the escalating conflict in Vietnam as part of the 1503rd Air Transport Group and the 65th Military Airlift Group. As part of an Air Force-Wide re-designation of transport units as part of the inactivation of MATS and the establishment of Military Airlift Command (MAC), the 22d was re-designated the 22d Military Airlift Squadron as part of MAC. It continued flying combat support missions into Southeast Asia from Tachikawa along with trans-Pacific flights to the United States until June 1969 when it was inactivated as part of the retirement of the C-124 and a general budget reduction with the new Nixon Administration.

Modern era

Lockheed C-5A Galaxy 68-0010 of the 60th Military Airlift Wing in 1970s livery.

The squadron, however, was not inactive long. It was re-activated at Travis AFB, California on 8 February 1972 as part of the 60th Military Airlift Wing. The 22d was equipped with new C-5A Galaxy heavy airlifters and returned to its previous mission of intercontinental air transport of personnel, supplies and equipment. It has continued its mission for the past 40+ years from Travis flying the Galaxy worldwide. With its activation, the 22d and its sister C-5 squadron, the 75th Military Airlift Squadron supported the United States operations in Southeast Asia. It returned US servicemen and equipment from Indochina in the wake of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, which ended United States involvement in the war. However, squadron aircraft returned to South Vietnam in April 1975 as part of Operation Baby Lift, the evacuation of children and infants from the combat area near Saigon. Unfortunately, a squadron aircraft was lost as part of the operation, killing the crew and many of the passengers (including infants).

After Vietnam, the squadron returned to normal peacetime operations through the 1970s and early 1980s, supporting United States initiatives throughout the world by airlifting passengers, equipment and materiel wherever needed. The squadron briefly returned to combat duty in October 1983, when it supported combat operations in Grenada as part of Operation Urgent Fury and airlifted combat personnel to the island and assisted in the evacuation of American civilian medical students back to the United States.

File:22d Airlift Squadron C-5 taking off from Bagram Air Base Afghanistan.jpg

A C-5 Galaxy takes off from a runway at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan. In recent years, the 22nd Airlift Squadron has participated in missions in Afghanistan supporting Operation Enduring Freedom.

In December 1989, the 22d MAS participated in Operation Just Cause, which ended the dictatorship of Panama's Gen. Manuel Noriega. In August 1990, the 22d MAS provided strategic airlift in support of the massive coalition forces buildup in Southwest Asia prior to Operations Desert Shield; Operation Desert Storm and Operation Southern Watch. These operations helped contain the expansionist policies of Iraqi president Sadaam Hussein. In the wake of the 1991 Gulf War, the squadron also supported Operation Provide Comfort for Kurdish refugees (1991 to 1996) for Kurdish refugees threatened by Iraqi forces

The 22d MAS was re-designated the 22d Airlift Squadron on Nov. 1, 1991. Humanitarian operations were carried out by the 22d during Operation Fiery Vigil (1991), the evacuation of military personnel from Clark Air Base and their families from the Philippines following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, and Operations Provide Relief and Restore Hope (1992 to 1993), aiding thousands of famine victims in Somalia. In 1992 and 1993, the squadron provided airlift support to Balkans peacekeeping missions beginning in 1995 with Operation Joint Endeavor, and continuing under Operations Joint Guardian and Joint Forge.

Since 9/11, the 22d AS has provided vital strategic airlift in support of allied forces in Southwest Asia participating in Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn. In July 2002, a crew from the 782nd Expeditionary Airlift Squadron, consisting of members of the 22d AS and Dover Air Force Base, made history when they conducted the first deployment in a combat environment of a C-5 aircraft by extracting a Canadian Forces infantry regiment and their equipment from a combat zone near Kandahar, Afghanistan.

Lineage

File:22d Airlift Squadron - 60th Anniversary Patch.png

60th Anniversary patch, 2002

• 22d Transport Squadron activated in Australia on 3 Apr 1942, prior to constitution on 4 Apr 1942

Re-designated as: 22d Troop Carrier Squadron on 5 Jul 1942

Inactivated on 31 Jan 1946

• Activated on 15 Oct 1946

Re-designated as: 22d Troop Carrier Squadron, Heavy, on 21 May 1948

Re-designated as: 22d Military Airlift Squadron on 8 Jan 1966

Inactivated on 8 Jun 1969

• Activated on 8 Feb 1972

Re-designated as: 22d Airlift Squadron on 1 Nov 1991.

Assignments

• Fifth Air Force, US Army Forces in Australia

Later, Air Carrier Service, Air Service Command, Fifth Air Force:, 3 Apr 1942

• 374th Troop Carrier Group, 12 Nov 1942-31 Jan 1946
• 374th Troop Carrier Group, 15 Oct 1946

Attached to: 317th Troop Carrier Group, 19 Sep-16 Nov 1948

Attached to: 317th Troop Carrier Wing, 3 Feb 1956-30 Jun 1957

• 1503d Air Transport Wing, 18 Nov 1958
• 1503d Air Transport Group, 22 Jun 1964
• 65th Military Airlift Group, 8 Jan 1966-8 Jun 1969
• 60th Military Airlift Wing, 8 Feb 1972
• 60th Military Airlift Group, 6 Mar 1978
• 60th Military Airlift Wing, 15 Feb 1979
• 60th Operations Group, 1 Nov 1991–Present

Stations

• Essendon Airport, Melbourne, Australia, 3 Apr 1942
• Garbutt Field, Australia, 11 Oct 1942
• Port Moresby Airfield Complex, New Guinea, 24 Jan 1943
• Garbutt Field, Australia, 4 Oct 1943
• Finschhafen Airfield, New Guinea, 29 Aug 1944
• Nielson Field, Luzon, Aug 1945-31 Jan 1946

• Nichols Field, Luzon, 15 Oct 1946
• Clark Field, Luzon, 23 Apr 1947

Deployed at Wiesbaden Air Base, Germany, 18 Sep-16 Nov 1948

• Tachikawa Air Base, Japan, 16 Nov 1948-8 Jun 1969
• Travis AFB, California, 8 Feb 1972–Present

Aircraft

• Douglas C-39 (1942)
• Douglas C-49 (1942)
• C-53 Skytrooper (1942)
• C-56 Lodestar (1942)
• C-60 Lodestar II (1942)
• B-17 Flying Fortress (1942)

• B-18 Bolo (1942)
• C-47 Skytrain (1942–1945)
• C-46 Commando (1945–1946, 1946–1949)
• C-54 Skymaster (1946–1948, 1949–1952)
• C-124 Globemaster II (1952–1957, 1959–1969)
• C-5 Galaxy (1972 – Present)

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.