Australian Convict Sites
| Australian Convict Sites | |
|---|---|
| Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List | |
 View of Port Arthur, Tasmania one of the 11 penal sites constituting the Australian Convict Sites |
|
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | iv, vi |
| Reference | 1306 |
| UNESCO region | Asia-Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2010 (34th Session) |
Australian Convict Sites is a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips at Sydney, Tasmania, Norfolk Island, and Fremantle; now representing "...the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."[1]
These properties were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before inclusion on the World Heritage list.
Preparations began in 1995, and a World Heritage nomination was first made in January 2008. That attempt failed, and the nomination was subsequently reworked.[2]
Penal sites included
The 11 penal sites constituting the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are[3][4]
- Cockatoo Island Convict Site (New South Wales)[5]
- Great North Road (New South Wales)[6]
- Hyde Park Barracks (New South Wales)[7]
- Old Government House (New South Wales)[8]
- Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Area (Norfolk Island)[9]
- Brickendon and Woolmers Estates (Tasmania)[10][11]
- Cascades Female Factory (Tasmania)[12]
- Coal Mines Historic Site (Tasmania)[13]
- Darlington Probation Station (Tasmania)[14]
- Port Arthur (Tasmania)[15]
- Fremantle Prison (Western Australia)[16]
Criteria for listing
Out of over 3,000 convict sites remaining in Australia, the 11 constituting the Australian Convict Sites were selected as the pre-eminent examples of the world's convict era satisfying World Heritage selection criteria IV & VI, as follows:
| World Heritage selection criteria | ||
|---|---|---|
| Criteria number | Description | Citation |
| Criterion IV | Ensemble of buildings/architecture etc., illustrating significant stage in human history | "an exceptional example of the forced migration of convicts - an important stage of human history."[17] |
| Criterion VI | Directly or tangibly associated with events etc., of outstanding universal significance | "an extraordinary example of global ideas and developments associated with the punishment and reform of the criminal elements of humanity during the Age of Enlightenment and the modern era."[17] |
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/north-road/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/hyde-park/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/old-government-house/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/kavha/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/brickendon-estate/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/woolmers-estate/index.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/coal-mines/index.html
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/darlington-probation-stn/index.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/fremantle-prison/index.html
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
