Barentsburg

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Barentsburg
Russian coal mining settlement
The town from above
The town from above
Heroic Soviet-style mural on the community centre building, Barentsburg
Heroic Soviet-style mural on the community centre building, Barentsburg
Barentsburg is located in Svalbard
Barentsburg
Barentsburg
Location in western Svalbard
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country Norway
Syssel Svalbard
island Spitsbergen
Population (2015)
 • Total 471[1]
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

Barentsburg (Russian: Баренцбург) is the second largest settlement on Svalbard, with about 500 inhabitants (2007), almost entirely Russians and Ukrainians. It is the site of the Barentsburg Pomor Museum.

History

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Further information: History of Svalbard

Named after Dutch explorer Willem Barents, the town is a mining town, with coal mining conducted by the Soviet company Arktikugol since 1932. The population has declined over the decades, and in its heyday, over 1,000 Soviet citizens inhabited Barentsburg.

Status

Although Svalbard is under Norwegian sovereignty, the unique Svalbard Treaty of 1920 allows citizens of signatory countries equal rights to exploit natural resources. Russia, along with Norway (via the Sveagruva mine and Mine 7), maintain mining operations on Svalbard as a result. Russia maintains a consulate in Barentsburg,[2] the northernmost diplomatic mission of any kind in the world. Barentsburg still has a Norwegian mail address and Norwegian phone numbers.

Economic basis

Barentsburg started as a Dutch mining town in the 1920s.[3] In 1932 the Dutch sold their concession to the Soviet Union.[4] Since 1932 the Russian state-owned Arktikugol Trust has been operating on Svalbard. The main economic activity is coal mining by the Arktikugol (Арктикуголь) company, although tourism is beginning to be developed.

Coal is still mined in Barentsburg and regularly exported to (generally) buyers within Northern Europe. The town relies entirely on mainland Russia for food and coinage. There have been instances in which not enough food was sent, and aid packages were sent from Longyearbyen. Also, the coal company has been known not to pay employees until they finish their three-year contract and return to Russia.[citation needed] Tourism is still only an embryonic industry and is not generating enough income to revive the town.

Transportation

The distance from Longyearbyen to Barentsburg is about 55 km but there are no roads connecting the two settlements. Most contact between the two is by boat, snowmobile, or helicopter. There is a heliport (ICAO code ENBA) at Heerodden (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.) 4 km north of Barentsburg (with road connection). Tourist visitors usually arrive by boat, 2–3 hours from Longyearbyen. The coal is freighted by ship. The port is located in the middle of Barentsburg.

Climate

Climate data for Barentsburg
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 4.1
(39.4)		 5.3
(41.5)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.6
(58.3)		 20.3
(68.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 12.1
(53.8)		 8.5
(47.3)		 6.8
(44.2)		 5.9
(42.6)		 20.3
(68.5)
Average high °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −1.1
(30)		 4.0
(39.2)		 8.4
(47.1)		 7.2
(45)		 2.9
(37.2)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −2.3
(27.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2)		 −12.7
(9.1)		 −12.4
(9.7)		 −9.7
(14.5)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 2.2
(36)		 6.0
(42.8)		 5.1
(41.2)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 −7.6
(18.3)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −4.9
(23.2)
Average low °C (°F) −15.2
(4.6)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −15.5
(4.1)		 −12.1
(10.2)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 0.8
(33.4)		 4.4
(39.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −6.6
(20.1)		 −10.1
(13.8)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 −7.1
(19.2)
Record low °C (°F) −37.1
(−34.8)		 −39.3
(−38.7)		 −39.8
(−39.6)		 −31.3
(−24.3)		 −22.5
(−8.5)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −12
(10)		 −27.1
(−16.8)		 −29.3
(−20.7)		 −37.3
(−35.1)		 −39.8
(−39.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 61
(2.4)		 50
(1.97)		 56
(2.2)		 44
(1.73)		 28
(1.1)		 21
(0.83)		 25
(0.98)		 35
(1.38)		 54
(2.13)		 56
(2.2)		 59
(2.32)		 63
(2.48)		 552
(21.73)
Average rainy days 2 1 2 1 3 10 17 16 12 4 3 2 73
Average snowy days 24 20 22 20 20 10 1 3 14 22 23 24 203
Average relative humidity (%) 77 77 77 77 79 81 81 82 81 77 77 77 79
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[5]

Science and culture

File:ПресняковМ.А .Шпицберген .В Баренцбурге .2014г. х.,м. 40х60.JPG
M. Presnyakov. The Barentsburg old church, 2014

A museum of Pomor culture, Arctic flora and fauna, including unique archeological objects preserved in the permafrost, works in the town. Normally it is open when a daily boat from Longyear arrives (in summer months only), and by special arrangement. There is a sport complex, including a swimming pool with heated seawater. Beyond the mining-related activity, there is a scientific research center in Barentsburg. Each summer season, several dozen researchers from Russia and other countries work here, notably geophysicists, geologists, archeologists, biologists, glaciologists, geographers, etc. Year-round meteorological observatory and the northernmost cosmic rays station work in the town too.

Film, Dream Town

Adrian Briscoe completed Dream Town, a feature-length film about Barentsburg in 2014. Part documentary, part fantasy, Dream Town examines the stark reality of the miners, scientists, and children who live there and contrasts their unusual existence with fictional interludes they created with the director. From documentary to fiction, the film concludes with a series of resolutions centered on the themes of love, dreams and escapism.

Co-written by novelist Ray Robinson, Dream Town won the Best Picture award at both the Chicago Underground Film Festival and the Derby Film Festival, UK in the spring of 2014.

2006 fire

On October 17, 2006 Norwegian inspectors detected an underground, smoldering fire in Barentsburg, prompting fears that an open fire might break out,[6] which would have forced the evacuation of all of Barentsburg for an indefinite period of time, and also cause unknown environment problems for the entire archipelago. The fire was later contained.[7] Coal mining was restarted four and half years later, at the end of 2010.[8]

Gallery

  • Barentsburg from the air

  • Barentsburg seaside.jpg

    Barentsburg from the seaside

  • Barentsburg crest.jpg

    Barentsburg: mining and polar bears at 78° north

  • Monument to coal

  • Consulate of Russia in Barentsburg.jpg

    Russian consulate

  • Barentsburg, as seen from the docks

  • Barentsburg Lenin.jpg

    The world's second northernmost statue of Lenin (the northernmost is in Pyramiden)

  • Barentsburg mainstreet.jpg

    The main street, ulitsa Ivana Starostina. The abandoned buildings on the right are being demolished as of 2013.

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/befsvalbard/halvaar/2015-04-09?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=223337
  2. ↑ Russian Embassy in Norway website
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Norway Svalbard Coal Fire. International Herald Tribune. November 1, 2006.
  7. ↑ Barentsburg: Kullbrann kan føre til evakuering Aftenposten 1 November 2006
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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