Finnian of Clonard

For the other Irish saint of the same name who was patron of Ulster, see Finnian of Moville.

Finnian of Clonard
100px Statue of St. Finnian in Clonard
Teacher of the Saints of Ireland
Born	470 Myshall, County Carlow
Died	12 December 549(549-12-12)
Venerated in	Orthodox Church, including True Orthodox Church jurisdictions such as the Tikhonites, Roman Catholic Church
Major shrine	Clonard Abbey (destroyed)
Feast	12 December
Patronage	Diocese of Meath

Saint Finnian of Clonard ('Cluain Eraird') – also Finian, Fionán or Fionnán in Irish; or Vennianus and Vinniaus in its Latinised form (470–549) – was one of the early Irish monastic saints, who founded Clonard Abbey in modern-day County Meath. The Twelve Apostles of Ireland studied under him. Saint Finnian of Clonard (along with Saint Enda of Aran) is considered one of the fathers of Irish monasticism.

Early life

Finnian was born at Myshall, County Carlow towards the end of the fifth century and it is said his mother dreamt that all the birds of Ireland gathered as a portent of the holy life he would lead. His father was Rudraigh, an Ulster noble; his mother, Telach of Leinster. His birthplace is generally supposed to have been near the present town of New Ross. Saint Abban baptised Finnian, and at an early age he was placed under the care of Bishop Fortchern of Trim.

According to some sources, Finnian studied for a time at the monastic centre of Martin of Tours in Gaul. Tours was noted for its austerity. He later went to Wales and continued his studies at the monastery of Cadoc the Wise, at Llancarfan in Glamorganshire. He remained there for years, at prayer and study. Finian made copies of Rome's classics and of St. Jerome's Vulgate.

After a sojourn in Wales of thirty years, according to the Codex Salmanticensis, he returned to his native land.

Foundations

File:Clonard RC Church St Finian 06 Detail 2007 08 26.jpg

St. Finnian and his pupils in a stain glass window at the Church of St. Finian in Clonard

Finnian came first to Aghowle in County Wicklow at the foot of Sliabh Condala, where Oengus, the king of Leinster granted him a site. He then founded a monastic community on Skellig Michael, off the coast of Kerry. From there, he went to St Brigid's monastery at Kildare. Around 520, he was at last led by an angel to Cluain Eraird (Clonard, County Meath) on the River Boyne, which he was told would be the place of his resurrection.

At Clonard Finnian built a little cell and a church of clay and wattle, and entered on a life of study, mortification, and prayer. The fame of his learning and sanctity soon spread, and scholars of all ages flocked from every side to his monastic retreat. Finnian established a monastery modelled on the practices of Welsh monasteries, and based on the traditions of the Desert Fathers and the study of Scripture. The rule of Clonard was known for its strictness and asceticism.

The Penitential of Finnian prescribes penances with a view to correcting sinful tendencies and cultivating the contrary virtue. The document shows wide learning and draws on the teaching of St John Cassian on overcoming the eight evil tendencies – gluttony, fornication, covetousness, anger, dejection, accidie (laziness), vainglory and pride (The Institutes, Books 5–12).

Later life and death

In the Office of St. Finnian it is stated that there were no fewer than 3,000 pupils getting instruction at one time in the school in the green fields of Clonard. The master excelled in exposition of the Sacred Scriptures, and to this fact must be mainly attributed the extraordinary popularity which his lectures enjoyed. Finnian's gift for teaching and his absolute dedication to the ascetic ideal, inspired a whole generation. Clonard drew students from various parts of Europe. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise and Columcille of Iona are among the many who trained under him. They and many others took seeds of knowledge from Finnian's monastery at Clonard, and planted them abroad with great success. Finian died of the plague around 552. His burial-place is in his own church of Clonard.

Finnian's sister, St. Regnach, was Abbess of Kilreynagh, near the present town of Banagher.

Veneration

Clonard became an important school because of the number of its students who went on to found other monasteries. For centuries after his death the school continued to be renowned as a seat of Scriptural learning, but it suffered at the hands of the Danes, especially in the eleventh century, and two Irishmen, O'Rorke of Breifney and Dermod McMurrough, helped to complete the work which the Northmen had begun. The relics of Finnian himself were enshrined at Clonard until 887, after which the shrine was destroyed. With the transference by the Norman Bishop of Rochfort, in 1206, of the See of Meath from Clonard to Trim, the glory of the former place departed forever.

St Finnian of Clonard's feast-day is 12 December, which is first attested in a Spanish Martyrology of the 9th century. In later years the monastery of Clonard came under the rule of the Uí Néill, and came to share an abbot with either Kildare or Clonmacnoise.

Patronage

Finnian is the patron saint of the Diocese of Meath.

References

• .

Further reading

Secondary sources

• Hughes, Kathleen. "The Cult of St Finnian of Clonard from the Eighth to the Eleventh Century". Irish Historical Studies 9.33 (1954). pp. 13–27.

Primary sources

• Lives of St Finnian of Clonard
  • Irish Life, ed. Whitley Stokes, Lives of the Saints from the Book of Lismore. Oxford, 1890. Vol. 2.
  • Latin Life in the Codex Salmanticensis (fos. 83r–86v), ed. J. De Smedt and C. De Backer, Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae ex codice Salmanticensi. Edinburgh et al., 1888. Cols 189–210.
  • Latin Life in Bodleian, Rawlinson MS B 485 (fos. 54–8), and Rawlinson B 505 (fos. 156v–160v). Unpublished.

External links

• Butler, Alban. Lives of the Saints, Vol. XII, 1866