Fornax Cluster
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The Fornax Cluster is a cluster of galaxies lying at a distance of 62 million light-years (19 megaparsecs).[2] It is the second richest galaxy cluster within 100 million light-years, after the considerably larger Virgo Cluster. It lies primarily in the constellation Fornax, and may be associated with the nearby Eridanus Group. The Fornax Cluster is a valuable source of information about the evolution of such clusters, showing the effects of a merger of a subgroup with the main group,[3] which in turn lends clues about the associated galactic superstructure.[4] At the centre of the cluster lies NGC 1399.[2] Other cluster members include NGC 1316 (the group's brightest galaxy), NGC 1365, NGC 1427A, and NGC 1404.[2]
Contents
Structure
Fornax can be divided into two subclusters: the main one, centered on NGC 1399, and a subgroup 3 degrees to the southwest centered on the lenticular galaxy NGC 1316 that is in the process of infalling with the largest subcluster to finally merge with it, and whose galaxies are experiencing strong star formation activity.[5]
Intracluster medium
As with many other galaxy clusters, Fornax intracluster medium is filled with a hot, rarefied gas that emits X-rays[6] and contains a number of intergalactic stars, some of which have produced novae.[7]
List of cluster members
| Designation | Coordinates (Epoch 2000) | Apparent magnitude (blue) | Type | Angular diameter (arcminutes) |
Diameter (x1000 Light-years) |
Recessional velocity (km/s) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right Ascension | Declination | ||||||
| ESO 357-07 | 03 10.4 | -33 09 | 14.7 | SBm | 2.2′ | 40 | 981 |
| ESO 357-12 | 03 16.9 | -35 32 | 14.8 | SBcd | 2.2′ | 40 | 1445 |
| IC 1913 | 03 19.6 | -32 28 | 14.5 | SBb | 2.1′ | 40 | 1318 |
| NGC 1310 | 03 21.1 | -37 06 | 13 | SBc | 1.9′ | 35 | 1640 |
| PGC 12625 | 03 22.1 | -37 35 | ? | Irr | 2.9′ | 55 | 1507 |
| NGC 1316 | 03 22.7 | -37 12 | 9.8 | S0 | 11.5′ | 215 | 1664 |
| NGC 1317 | 03 22.7 | -37 06 | 11.9 | SBa | 3.0′ | 55 | 1815 |
| NGC 1326 | 03 23.9 | -36 28 | 11.5 | S0 | 4.3′ | 80 | 1247 |
| NGC 1326A | 03 25.1 | -36 22 | 14.7 | SBm | 1.7′ | 30 | 1719 |
| NGC 1326B | 03 25.3 | -36 23 | 13.7 | SBm | 3.5′ | 65 | 888 |
| IC 1919 | 03 26.0 | -32 54 | 13.9 | E | 1.6′ | 30 | 1158 |
| NGC 1336 | 03 26.5 | -35 43 | 13.4 | E | 1.9′ | 35 | 1360 |
| NGC 1341 | 03 28.0 | -37 09 | 13.3 | SBab | 1.6′ | 30 | 1760 |
| NGC 1339 | 03 28.1 | -32 17 | 12.8 | E | 1.9′ | 35 | 1240 |
| NGC 1344 | 03 28.3 | -31 04 | 11.2 | E | 5.6′ | 105 | 1052 |
| NGC 1351A | 03 28.8 | -35 11 | 14.2 | SBbc | 2.3′ | 45 | 1241 |
| ESO 358-10 | 03 29.7 | -33 33 | 14.8 | E | 1.5′ | 30 | 1620 |
| NGC 1351 | 03 30.6 | -34 51 | 12.4 | E | 3.2′ | 60 | 1420 |
| NGC 1350 | 03 31.1 | -33 38 | 11.2 | SBab | 5.8′ | 110 | 1785 |
| NGC 1365 | 03 33.6 | -36 08 | 10.3 | SBb | 11.0′ | 205 | 1547 |
| NGC 1366 | 03 33.9 | -31 12 | 13.1 | S0 | 1.9′ | 35 | 1137 |
| NGC 1374 | 03 35.3 | -35 14 | 12.0 | E | 2.7′ | 50 | 1240 |
| NGC 1375 | 03 35.3 | -35 16 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.1′ | 40 | 643 |
| IC 335 | 03 35.5 | -34 27 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.3′ | 45 | 1530 |
| NGC 1379 | 03 36.1 | -35 26 | 11.9 | E | 2.6′ | 50 | 1264 |
| NGC 1380 | 03 36.5 | -34 59 | 11.1 | S0 | 4.8′ | 90 | 1737 |
| NGC 1381 | 03 36.5 | -35 18 | 12.7 | S0 | 2.6′ | 50 | 1673 |
| NGC 1369 | 03 36.8 | -36 15 | 13.6 | Sa | 1.7′ | 30 | 1340 |
| NGC 1386 | 03 36.8 | -36 00 | 12.2 | S0 | 3.4′ | 65 | 755 |
| NGC 1380A | 03 36.8 | -34 44 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.5′ | 45 | 1419 |
| NGC 1387 | 03 37.0 | -35 30 | 11.8 | E | 3.2′ | 60 | 1219 |
| NGC 1382 | 03 37.1 | -35 12 | 13.8 | E | 1.5′ | 30 | 1697 |
| NGC 1389 | 03 37.2 | -35 45 | 12.6 | E | 2.6′ | 50 | 883 |
| NGC 1399 | 03 38.5 | -35 27 | 10.3 | E | 6.8′ | 130 | 1335 |
| NGC 1404 | 03 38.9 | -35 36 | 10.9 | E | 4.1′ | 75 | 1826 |
| NGC 1406 | 03 39.4 | -31 19 | 12.9 | SBbc | 3.9′ | 75 | 963 |
| NGC 1427A | 03 40.1 | -35 38 | 14.2 | Irr | 2.1′ | 40 | 1927 |
| ESO 358-50 | 03 41.1 | -33 47 | 13.9 | S0 | 1.6′ | 30 | 1151 |
| ESO 358-51 | 03 41.5 | -34 53 | 14.1 | Sa | 1.5′ | 30 | 1626 |
| NGC 1425 | 03 42.2 | -29 54 | 11.4 | Sb | 6.0′ | 115 | 1402 |
| NGC 1427 | 03 42.3 | -35 24 | 11.8 | E | 3.6′ | 70 | 1327 |
| NGC 1428 | 03 42.4 | -35 09 | 14.0 | E | 1.5′ | 30 | 1602 |
| ESO 358-54 | 03 43.0 | -36 16 | 14.2 | SBd | 1.7′ | 30 | 798 |
| NGC 1437 | 03 43.6 | -35 51 | 12.9 | SBab | 2.8′ | 50 | 1296 |
| ESO 358-60 | 03 45.2 | -35 34 | 15.6 | Irr | 1.7′ | 30 | 710 |
| ESO 358-61 | 03 45.9 | -36 22 | 14.0 | Sc | 2.5′ | 45 | 1415 |
| NGC 1460 | 03 46.2 | -36 42 | 13.5 | S0 | 1.7′ | 30 | 1277 |
| ESO 358-63 | 03 46.3 | -34 57 | 12.6 | Sc | 4.8′ | 90 | 1838 |
| IC 1993 | 03 47.1 | -33 42 | 12.5 | SBb | 2.5′ | 45 | 1004 |
| ESO 302-09 | 03 47.6 | -38 35 | 14.6 | SBd | 2.2′ | 40 | 908 |
| ESO 302-14 | 03 51.7 | -38 27 | 15.5 | Irr | 1.5′ | 30 | 798 |
| ESO 359-03 | 03 52.0 | -33 28 | 14.1 | Sab | 1.8′ | 35 | 1495 |
| NGC 1484 | 03 54.3 | -36 58 | 13.9 | Sb | 2.5′ | 45 | 952 |
| IC 2006 | 03 54.3 | -35 58 | 12.5 | E | 1.9′ | 35 | 1285 |
| NGC 1531 | 04 11.2 | -32 51 | 12.9 | S0 | 1.3′ | 1169 | |
| NGC 1532 | 04 12.1 | -32 52 | 10.7 | SBb | 12.6′ | 1040 | |
See also
References
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External links
- The Fornax Cluster on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
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