GN-z11
| GN-z11 | |
|---|---|
| File:Distant galaxy GN-z11 in GOODS-N image by HST.jpg
GN-z11 superimposed on an image from the GOODS-North survey
|
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| Observation data (J2000[1] epoch) | |
| Constellation | Ursa Major[1] |
| Right ascension | 12h 36m 25.46s[1] |
| Declination | +62° 14′ 31.4″[1] |
| Redshift | 11.09[2] |
| Distance | ~3.2×1010 ly |
| Type | Galaxy |
| Mass | ~1×109 M☉ |
| Size (ly) | 4,000 ± 2,000 ly (1.2 ± 0.6 kpc)[2] |
GN-z11 is a high-redshift galaxy found at the constellation Ursa Major, and is currently the oldest and most distant known galaxy in the observable universe.[3] GN-z11 has a spectroscopic redshift of z = 11.1, which corresponds to a comoving distance of approximately 32 billion light-years (9.8 Gpc) from Earth.[4][note 1]
The object's name is derived from its location in the GOODS-North field of galaxies and its high Doppler z-scale redshift number (GN + z11).[5] GN-z11 is observed as it existed 13.4 billion years ago, just 400 million years after the Big Bang;[2][6] as a result, GN-z11's distance is widely (and mistakenly)[7] reported as 13.4 billion light years.[8][9]
Contents
Discovery
The galaxy was identified by a team studying data from the Hubble Space Telescope's Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and Spitzer Space Telescope's Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-North).[10][11] The research team used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to measure the distance to GN-z11 spectroscopically, by splitting the light into its component colors to measure the redshift caused by the expansion of the universe.[12] The findings, which were announced in March 2016, revealed the galaxy to be farther away than originally thought, at the distance limit of what the Hubble Telescope can observe. GN-z11 is around 150 million years older than the previous record-holder EGSY8p7,[5] and is observed (shortly after but) "very close to the end of the so-called Dark Ages of the universe",[12] and (during but) "near the very beginning" of the reionization era.[10]
Compared with the Milky Way galaxy, GN-z11 is twenty-five times smaller, has 1% of the mass, and is forming new stars approximately twenty times faster.[12] With a stellar age estimated at 40 million years, it appears the galaxy formed its stars relatively rapidly.[2] The fact that a galaxy so massive existed so soon after the first stars started to form is a challenge to some current theoretical models of the formation of galaxies.[10][12]
Notes
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| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Most distant known astronomical object 2016–present |
Current holder |
| Preceded by | Most distant known galaxy 2016–present |
Current holder |
| Morphology | |
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| Structure | |
| Active nuclei | |
| Energetic galaxies | |
| Low activity | |
| Interaction | |
| Lists | |
| See also | |
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2016 in space
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