Hyoscyamus

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Hyoscyamus
Henbane1.JPG
Hyoscyamus niger
Scientific classification e
Unrecognized taxon (fix): Hyoscyamus
Species

11, see text

Hyoscyamus — known as the henbanes — is a small genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. It comprises 11 species, all of which are toxic. It, along with other genera in the same family, is a source of the drug hyoscyamine (daturine). Cruciferous type of stomata is present in Hyoscyamus.

Hyoscyamus means "hog-bean" in botanical Latin and was a name derogatorily applied to the plant by Dioscorides.[2]

The poisonous, narcotic henbanes were associated with witchcraft since earliest times. The Assyrians recommended hanging them on one's door to ward off sorcery. Witches found them valuable especially due to their trance-inducing capabilities, and they were used in flying ointment rituals. They have been used to lessen pain, neuralgia and diminish convulsions. Dioscorides recommended them largely for external pain killing use. The leaves are made into a kind of cigarette to relieve asthma and other respiratory ailments.[3]

Selected species

Image Scientific name Distribution
120px Hyoscyamus albus L. – White henbane Spain and Morocco
120px Hyoscyamus aureus L. – Golden henbane
Hyoscyamus boveanus L.
Hyoscyamus desertorum L.
120px Hyoscyamus muticus L. – Egyptian henbane (synonym: H. falezlez) North Africa and Arabia
120px Hyoscyamus niger L. – Black henbane Eurasia
120px Hyoscyamus pusillus L. East Asia
Hyoscyamus reticulatus L.[4]

References

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External links

Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Hyoscyamus at Wikispecies

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  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Gledhill D. 1996. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521366755
  3. ↑ Flowers of Greece and the Aegean by Anthony Huxley and William Taylor - Chatto & Windus, London 1977 - ISBN 0 7011 2228 5
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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