Hypoderma tarandi

Reindeer warble fly
File:TB(1895) p329 Same Reindeer Fly (Hypoderma tarandi).jpg
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Hexapoda
Class:	Insecta
Subclass:	Pterygota
Order:	Diptera
Suborder:	Brachycera
Family:	Oestridae
Subfamily:	Hypodermatinae
Genus:	Hypoderma
Species:	H. tarandi
Synonyms
Oedemagena tarandi Oestrus tarandi

A reindeer herd in Kolguyev Island in 1895. The caption reads: "We entered today on a new phase of reindeer life. For the first time the fly appeared (Hypoderma tarandi), known to the Samoyeds as Pi-liur, and to the Russians as Orwot.

Hypoderma tarandi, also known as reindeer warble fly and caribou bot fly, is a species of warble fly that is parasitic on reindeer.

The larvae of this fly are a skin-penetrating ectoparasite that usually infest populations of reindeer and caribou in Arctic areas, causing harm to the hides, meat and milk in domesticated herds. They also may cause Ophthalmomyiasis in humans, leading to uveitis, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. H. lineatum and H. sinense may also infest humans.

As food

See also: Entomophagy

In cold climates supporting reindeer or caribou-reliant populations, large quantities of Hypoderma tarandi maggots are available to human populations during the butchery of animals.

Hypoderma tarandi larvae were part of the traditional diet of the Nunamiut people. Copious art dating back to the Pleistocene in Europe confirms their consumption in premodern times, as well.

The sixth episode of season one of the television series Beyond Survival entitled "The Inuit - Survivors of the Future" features survival expert Les Stroud and two Inuit guides hunting caribou on the northern coast of Baffin Island near Pond Inlet, Nunavut, Canada. Upon skinning and butchering of one of the animals, numerous larvae (presumably Hypoderma tarandi, although not explicitly stated) are apparent on the inside of the caribou pelt. Stroud and his two Inuit guides eat (albeit somewhat reluctantly) one larva each, with Stroud commenting that the larva "tastes like milk" and was historically commonly consumed by the Inuit people.

See also

• Botfly
• Cephenemyia trompe, another reindeer parasitic fly

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• The two reindeer parasites, Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe (Oestridae)

• Emerging infectious diseases - Human Ophthalmomyiasis Interna Caused by Hypoderma tarandi, Northern Canada
• Chillcott, in Stone et al., 1965, Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, p. 1112.
• Warble infestations by Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera; Oestridae) recorded for the first time in West Greenland muskoxen
• Lagacé-Wiens, P. R., et al. (2008). Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by Hypoderma tarandi, Northern Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases 14(1), 64.
• Eric Loker, Bruce Hofkin et al. Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach. p. 229