Indiana State Road 912
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| Cline Avenue | ||||
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| Route information | ||||
| Maintained by INDOT | ||||
| Length: | 11.69 mi[1] (18.81 km) | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| West end: |   I-90 / Indiana Toll Road in Hammond |
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| South end: |   Bus. US 6 in Griffith |
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| Location | ||||
| Counties: | Lake | |||
| Highway system | ||||
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→State Road 912 (SR 912), known along its entire length as Cline Avenue, is a freeway north of the combined Interstate 80/I-94/U.S. Highway 6 (I-80/I-94/US 6, Borman Expressway), and a local access road serving Griffith south of the Borman. The portion of Cline Avenue marked as SR 912 is 11.69 miles (18.81 km) long.
On April 15, 1982, part of a ramp under construction collapsed during concrete pouring operations near the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, killing twelve highway workers and injuring eighteen more. In 1987, the state designated the route between US 12 and the Indiana Toll Road as the Highway Construction Workers Memorial Highway.
On December 28, 2009, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) closed the elevated bridge portion of Cline Avenue between Calumet and Michigan avenues, a distance of nearly 3.5 miles (5.6 km). Corrosion had severely weakened most elements of the bridge, including the bridge piers, concrete, beams and cables. The bridge has been torn down and will be replaced with a toll crossing.[2][3] Similar cases of corrosion have been identified in other bridges across the country.[4]
Contents
Route description
The freeway runs east from exit 3 of the Indiana Toll Road past the Gary/Chicago International Airport, and then south, also having an interchange with Toll Road exit 10. This portion also serves several of the steel mills (many now owned by ArcelorMittal) and casinos in East Chicago and Gary, Indiana. The north–south portion between approximately US 20 and the Borman Expressway follows the border between Gary and Hammond, Indiana.
South of the Borman Expressway, Cline Avenue becomes a four-lane divided highway. SR 912 extends south 1 mile (1.6 km) to Ridge Road (Business US 6).
History
Before the construction of the expressway, portions of Truck Route 912 were on Kennedy Avenue. Some 5.7 miles (9.2 km) of new freeway from the Toll Road to Chicago Avenue was constructed at a cost of $250 million (1982, $551 million in 2008).[5] Most of the expressway portion followed the path of the former Pennsylvania Railroad main line from Chicago to Pittsburgh via Fort Wayne, rationalized by Conrail onto the parallel former New York Central main line.
Ramp collapse
On April 15, 1982, 14 workers were killed and 18 injured when falsework beneath a ramp failed during a concrete pour.[6] At 10:40 a.m., Unit 4, one of the bridge sections collapsed, destroying the scaffold stairway and stranding workers on the remaining sections above. Workers on Unit 4 were crushed to death when the section flipped and landed upside-down while descending due to tension in the cables.[5]
Surviving construction workers brought in a cherry picker to rescue the remaining workers stranded on the ramp, but five minutes after the initial collapse, Unit 5, the neighboring section, also collapsed. Twelve workers in total were killed instantly; a 13th died two weeks after the collapse, and the 14th worker died of injuries suffered during the collapse two years later. The accident remains Indiana's deadliest industrial or construction accident.[5]
Investigators from the National Bureau of Standards for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) discovered several errors that caused the collapse of the bridge section. The most likely cause of the collapse was "the cracking of a concrete pad supporting a leg of the shoring towers". The failure of the concrete pad, built too thin, led to another finding; one-inch (2.5 cm) bolts that were supposed to connect key stringers to cross-beams instead were replaced with frictional clips, but investigators did not find any documentation that supported this substitution. Investigators could not locate any engineering calculations supporting the pads as designed; worse, the pads were built substandard to the undocumented design.[5]
Lawsuits against companies involved in building the ramp were settled out of court, as no single party could be found to explain the discrepancies. The bridge finally opened in 1986. In 1987, the overpass on the section between Inland Steel and Riley Road was renamed the "Highway Workers Memorial Highway," in memory of the workers.[5][7]
Sniper investigation
During the middle of 2006, numerous drivers reported possible attacks by a sniper on the eastern portion of Cline Avenue. Drivers reported having their windows and windshields shattered by unknown projectiles. Investigators, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, suspected an assailant armed with a slingshot or a BB gun was shooting out windows. Others suspected the broken windows were due to flying gravel and abnormally warm temperatures. The shootings were not related to an earlier July 25 shooting death of a motorist on I-65 south of Indianapolis. No arrests were ever made in the case, and the shootings ended around the beginning of the school year.[8]
Bridge closure and partial reopening
On November 13, 2009, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) closed the bridge portion over the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (the portions of the road between exits 1 and 5A) to all traffic after consultants released details of an inspection on the bridge, citing safety concerns equivalent to the August 2007 I-35W bridge collapse in Minneapolis.[9]
There were initially no plans to build a new bridge in its place, as INDOT claimed the $90 million expense for a new bridge for 30,000 vehicles per day was not justifiable. Instead, at the time, INDOT focused on upgrading the roadways being used as a detour around the bridge to handle the added traffic.[4] On April 15, 2010, INDOT announced its plan to demolish the bridge and reroute traffic via Riley and Dickey roads.[10]
On November 2, 2010, INDOT reopened the westbound lanes of SR 912 from Riley Road to the Indiana Toll Road, while awaiting results of an environmental impact study to determine if the eastbound lanes should be reopened. While the ramp from westbound Riley Road to SR 912 reopened, crews demolished the eastbound ramp from SR 912 to Riley Road as it was found to be structurally unsound.[11]
Demolition of the bridge continued into 2012 and was completed in January 2013. The span over the Indiana Harbor Ship Channel was removed by conventional demolition methods, while the spans over land were removed with explosives. On January 8, 2013, the bridge demolition was completed.[12]
Bridge reconstruction
Discussion on replacing the span continued, and in 2012, INDOT agreed to replace the span with a private toll bridge.[13] The state sought a private partnership in a joint venture with United Bridge Partners who is joined by FIGG Bridge Companies, Lane Construction Corp. and American Infrastructure MLP funds.[3] Construction of the bridge is expected to begin in early 2014 and take approximately 2 1⁄2 years to complete. The cost of the bridge is expected to be $150–250 million to complete depending on whether steel beams from the original structure can be reused. The Figg group, having won awards for its bridge designs, will be incorporating unique design features into the new bridge, including LED lighting on the concrete piers, making it a gateway attraction. Toll schedules are not yet set but are expected to be anywhere from $2.50 to $3.50 for cars.[14][15] On March 30, 2015, a vehicle was following outdated GPS data and apparently drove around multiple warning signs and barriers, driving off the closed bridge and resulting in the death of the vehicle's passenger.[16][17]
Exit list
The entire highway is in Lake County.
| Location | mi[1] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hammond | 0.00 | 0.00 | I-90 east / Indiana Toll Road east – Chicago Skyway |
Western end of freeway | |
| 0.81 | 1.30 | 1 |  US 41 (Calumet Avenue) |
All eastbound traffic must exit | |
| East Chicago | 2.46 | 3.96 | Riley Road | Westbound entrance only | |
| Bridge closed | |||||
| 4.04 | 6.50 | 4A | Michigan Avenue | All westbound traffic must exit | |
| 4.09 | 6.58 | Block Avenue | Eastbound entrance only | ||
| 4.33– 4.48 |
6.97– 7.21 |
4B | Inland Steel | Eastbound entrance and westbound exit | |
| Jeorse Park, Pastrick Marina | No westbound entrance | ||||
| Gary | 5.26– 5.62 |
8.47– 9.04 |
5A |   US 12 west (Columbus Drive) / SR 312 west (Chicago Avenue) / Guthrie Street |
No eastbound entrance; westbound exit to Guthrie Street only |
| 5.62 | 9.04 | 5B | Industrial Highway | Southbound exit; formerly eastbound US 12 | |
| 5.84– 5.94 |
9.40– 9.56 |
US 12 (Columbus Drive, Industrial Highway) |
Northern end of US 12 concurrency; eastbound entrance and westbound exit | ||
| 6.53 | 10.51 | 7A | SR 312 west / Chicago Avenue |
Wesbound exit only | |
| 6.93 | 11.15 | 7 | I-90 / Indiana Toll Road / Gary Avenue |
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| Hammond–Gary city line | 7.88– 8.26 |
12.68– 13.29 |
8 |  US 12 east / US 20 – Gary, Michigan City, South Bend |
Southern end of US 12 concurrency |
| 8.99– 9.32 |
14.47– 15.00 |
9 | 169th Street, 15th Avenue | ||
| 10.32– 10.48 |
16.61– 16.87 |
10 |   I-80 / I-94 / US 6 (Borman Expressway) |
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| Highland–Griffith town line | 11.69 | 18.81 | Bus. US 6 / Ridge Road – Munster, New Chicago |
Eastern terminus of SR 912; no trucks over 8 short tons (7.3 t) allowed westbound | |
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
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See also
References
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External links
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