Knobcone pine
| Pinus attenuata Knobcone pine |
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| Knobcone pine cone | |
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P. attenuata
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| Pinus attenuata |
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The knobcone pine, Pinus attenuata, (also called Pinus tuberculata[2]) is a tree that grows in mild climates on poor soils. It ranges from the mountains of southern Oregon to Baja California with the greatest concentration in northern California and the Oregon-California border.[3]
Description
The knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) crown is usually conical with a straight trunk. It reaches heights of 8–24 metres (26–79 ft).[4] However, it can be a shrub on especially poor sites. It prefers dry rocky mountain soils. The bark is smooth, flaky and gray-brown when young, becoming dark gray-red-brown and shallowly furrowed into flat scaly ridges. The twigs are red-brown and often resinous.
The leaves are in fascicles of three,[5] needle-like, yellow-green, twisted, and 9–15 cm (about 3.5–6 in) long. The cones are 8–16 cm long and clustered in whorls of three to six on the branches. The scales end in a short stout prickle. The cones remain closed for many years until a fire opens them and allows reseeding. As a result, the cones may even become embedded in the trunk as the tree grows.
Ecology
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The knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) forms nearly pure stands, however it may hybridize with bishop pine (Pinus muricata), and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) on the coast.
In the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, knobcone pine is often a co-dominant with blue oak (Quercus douglasii).[6]
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />Further reading
- Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Pinus attenuata. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
- eNature Field Guides (2007) Knobcone Pine
- Gymnosperm Database (2008) Pinus attenuata
- C. Michael Hogan (2008) Blue Oak: Quercus douglasii, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinus attenuata. |
- Jepson Manual Treatment — Pinus attenuata
- USDA Plants Profile: Pinus attenuata
- Virginia Tech Dendrology - Knobcone Pine
- Pinus attenuata — U.C. Photo Gallery
- ↑ Conifer Specialist Group, 1998
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. LCC QK495.C75 C4, with illustrations by Carl Eytel - Kurut, Gary F. (2009), "Carl Eytel: Southern California Desert Artist", California State Library Foundation, Bulletin No. 95, pp. 17-20 retrieved Nov. 13, 2011
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Gymnosperm Database, 2008
- ↑ eNature Field Guides, 2007
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan, 2008
- Pages with reference errors
- Pages with broken file links
- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Pinus
- Trees of the Southwestern United States
- Trees of Baja California
- Trees of the Northwestern United States
- Trees of the West Coast of the United States
- Flora of California
- Flora of the Cascade Range
- Flora of the Klamath Mountains
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
- Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Trees of Mediterranean climate
- Trees of mild maritime climate
- Least concern flora of California
- Least concern flora of the United States
