List of elected socialist mayors in the United States

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U.S. towns electing Socialist
mayors or major officers,
1911–1920
Year No. Year No.
1911 74 1912 8
1913 32 1914 5
1915 22 1916 6
1917 18 1918 2
1919 5 1920 2
Source: James Weinstein, 1967 [1]

The following is a list of mayors who have declared themselves to be socialists or have been a member of a socialist party in the United States.

In 1911 it was estimated there were twenty-eight such mayors[2] and in 1913 thirty-four.[3] In 1967, however, James Weinstein's table of "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920" counted 74 such municipalities in 1911 and 32 in 1913, with smaller peaks in 1915 (22) and 1917 (18).[1]

List of mayors

Mayor Term
start		 Term
end		 City State   Party
C.L. Barewald [I] 1920[4] Davenport Iowa Socialist Party of America
David Belgum 1976[5] 1987[5] University Heights Iowa Socialist Party of America
J.B. Bitterly 1911[6] 1915[6] Victor Colorado Socialist Party of America
C. Henry Bloom[II] 1933[7] 1953[7] Rockford Illinois Rockford Progressive Party[8]
Eugene Bootz 1914[6] 1915[6] Edgewater Colorado Socialist Party of America
John C. Chase 1898
1899[9]		 1899
1900		 Haverhill Massachusetts Socialist Party of America[10]
Major Church 1918 1921 Eureka Utah Socialist Party of America[11]
Peter Clavelle[III] 1989
1995		 1993
2006		 Burlington Vermont Vermont Progressive Party
Charles H. Coulter[IV] 1900[12] 1901 Brockton Massachusetts Socialist Party of America[10]
John Dobler 1911[13] 1913[13] Gulfport Florida Socialist Party of America
Louis J. Duncan[V] 1911[14] 1914 (October)[15] Butte Montana Socialist Party of America
Elijah Falk 1915[6] 1919[6] Eureka California Socialist Party of America
Parkman B. Flanders 1920[16] 1923[16] Haverhill Massachusetts Socialist Party of America
Edward Foe 1911[14] Red Cloud Nebraska Socialist Party of America
James B. Furber 1922[17] Rahway New Jersey Socialist Party of America
Irving Freese 1947[18] 1951[19] Norwalk Connecticut Socialist Party of America
John H. Gibbons 1919 (November)[20] Lackawanna New York Socialist Party of America
Robert Gordon 1916[21] 1917[21] Barre Vermont Socialist Party of America
W.E. Griffin 1911[14]   Beatrice Nebraska Socialist Party of America
J. Herman Hallstrom[VI] 1921[8]
1929[8]		 1927[8]
1933[8]		 Rockford Illinois Rockford Labor Legion
J.M. Haley 1912[6] 1916[6] Paonia Colorado Socialist Party of America
Frank B. Hamilton 1918[22] Piqua Ohio Socialist Party of America
H.P. Houghton 1911[14] Girard Kansas Socialist Party of America
Daniel Webster Hoan 1916 1940 Milwaukee Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
George A. Huscher 1912[23] 1915[24] Murray Utah Socialist Party of America
J.F. Johnston 1912 (September)[25] 1914[26] Fairhope Alabama Socialist Party of America
Bob Kiss 2006 2012 Burlington Vermont Vermont Progressive Party
H. L. Larson 1912 1913 Crookston Minnesota Socialist Party of America
James Larson 1911[14] Marinette Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
Daniel T. Leigh 1906 1907 Cedar City Utah Socialist Party of America[27]
Arthur LeSueur 1910[28] Minot North Dakota Socialist Party of America
David Love 1916[29] West Allis Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
James Love 1914[13] 1916[13] Lake Worth Florida Socialist Party of America
George R. Lunn 1911[30]
1915[30]		 1913[30]
1917[30]		 Schenectady New York Socialist Party of America
Edward Mauck 1911[14] Wymore Nebraska Socialist Party of America
Jasper McLevy 1933 1957 Bridgeport Connecticut Socialist Party of America
John A. C. Menton 1911[14] 1912 (April)[31] Flint Michigan Socialist Party of America
Andrew Mitchell 1908[32] Eureka Utah Socialist Party of America
Robert Murray 1911 1915 Toronto Ohio Socialist Party of America
A. Ousdahl 1909 1910 Brainerd Minnesota Socialist Party of America[33]
Alfred A. Perrine 1911 1913 Mount Vernon Ohio Socialist Party of America
E.E. Robinson 1911 1913 Mineral Ridge Ohio Socialist Party of America
Bernie Sanders[VII] 1981 1989 Burlington Vermont Independent
Henry M. Schutte 1915 Adamston West Virginia Socialist Party of America
Emil Seidel 1910 (April 6)[34] 1912 Milwaukee Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
William Shay 1911 1917 Star City West Virginia Socialist Party of America
Peter Stewart 1912 (April 3)[35] 1914 (April)[36] Hartford Arkansas Socialist Party of America
Henry Stolze, Jr. 1911[14] Manitowoc Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
Ernst Gottfrid Strand 1916[37] 1917[37] Two Harbors Minnesota Socialist Party of America
J. Henry Stump 1927
1939
1947		 1931
1935
1943		 Reading Pennsylvania Socialist Party of America
William Swoboda 1931 (April)[38] 1932 (April)[39] Racine Wisconsin Socialist Party of America
Fred Suitor 1929[21] 1931[21] Barre Vermont Socialist Party of America
William Thum 1911[14] 1913[6] Pasadena California Socialist Party of America
Thomas Todd 1909[6] 1914[6] Grand Junction Colorado Socialist Party of America
A. Barton Cross 1913[6] 1914[6] Naugatuck Connecticut Socialist Party of America
George Urie 1912 1913 Cedar City Utah Socialist Party of America[27]
Thomas Van Lear[VIII] 1917[40] 1919 Minneapolis Minnesota Public Ownership Party
Scott Wilkins 1912[41] 1913 St. Marys Ohio Socialist Party of America
Jackson Stitt Wilson 1911[14] 1913 Berkeley California Socialist Party of America
John T. Wood 1911[42] 1913[42] Coeur d'Alène Idaho Socialist Party of America
Seth Wood 1913[6] 1914[6] Lafayette Colorado Socialist Party of America
Ewell Work 1910 (April)[43] 1912? Ledford Illinois Socialist Party of America
Frank P. Zeidler 1948 1960 Milwaukee Wisconsin Socialist Party of America

Notes

  • I^ Barewald resigned from the Socialist Party during the first week of January 1921 and captured national headlines by declaring radicals "insane" and instructing local police to greet unwanted members of the Industrial Workers of the World with "hot lead." See: "Wants Town Rid of IWW: Mayor Barewald Advises Use of Riot Guns," Eugene Morning Register, Jan. 9, 1921, pg. 1.
  • II^ Ran for the Rockford Progressive Party, which was formed by dissidents of the Rockford Labor Party in 1929.[7][8]
  • III^ Clavelle became a member of the Democratic Party in 2004.
  • IV^ Chase and Coulter were both elected mayor for the Social Democratic Party, but the party later merged itself with a dissident faction of the Socialist Labor Party in 1901 and founded the Socialist Party of America.[44]
  • V^ His name is alternatively spelled Lewis J. Duncan.[45][46]
  • VI^ Was running for the Rockford Labor Legion from 1921–1927, in 1929 the Labor Party refused to nominate him on the grounds that he had moved from some of the party's principles. He ran as an independent from 1929-33.[8]
  • VII^ Sanders has self-declared himself to be a democratic socialist.[47]
  • VIII^ Van Lear was expelled from the Socialist Party in 1918

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weinstein, James (1967). The Decline of Socialism in America 1912–1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, reprinted in 1969 by Vintage Books (Random House), Table 2: "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920", pp. 116–118.
  2. ↑ Hoxie, Robert F. "The Rising Tide of Socialism": A Study. The Journal of Political Economy. October 1911;19(8):609-631. doi:10.1086/251906.
  3. ↑ In: Ghent, W.J., editor. Socialism and Government: Working Programs and Records of Socialists in Office. Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason; 1916 [Retrieved 4 January 2010]. p. 46.
  4. ↑ "Socialists Elected," San Bernardino County Sun, April 4, 1920, pg. 3.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 610.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hal Nelson 1968, pp. 102. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "CHenryBloom" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Bengston 1999, pp. 209.
  9. ↑ Bedford 1966, pg. 90.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bedford 1966, pg. 117.
  11. ↑ John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism: Startling, Socialistic, and Decidedly Revolutionary. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2011; pg. 192.
  12. ↑ Won election in November 1899 by a plurality of 1,564. See: Appeal to Reason, Dec. 16, 1899, pg. 4.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 612.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 "The Socialist Avalanche," Political Action [Milwaukee], whole no. 39 (April 15, 1911), pg. 1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "PA110415" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Arrington 1922, pp. 487.
  17. ↑ "A Socialist Mayor: New Jersey Socialists Carry Rahway," The New Age (Buffalo), June 1, 1922, pg. 5.
  18. ↑ Socialists Sweep Norwalk Election; Party's Candidates for Mayor, Sheriff, Treasurer, and 11 for City Council Win. The New York Times. October 7, 1947 [Retrieved February 5, 2010].
  19. ↑ "Freese Quits Socialists In Norwalk: Mayor Heads Party of Independents for November Election," Hartford Courant, August 14, 1951. Freese ran again for office as an independent, winning additional two year terms in 1951, 1953, and 1957. See: Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 612.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ "Socialist Mayor Frank B. Hamilton" was embroiled in a federal sedition case late in 1918. See: Ohio Socialist, whole no. 49 (Jan. 1, 1919), pp. 1, 4. He was elected in Nov. 1917 according to "Frank B. Hamilton," Miami County Genealogical Researchers, http://www.thetroyhistoricalsociety.org/
  23. ↑ Ann Arbor Call, whole no. 91 (August 17, 1912), pg. 2.
  24. ↑ Elected to two terms, 1911 and 1913. See: John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 201.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 609.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 189.
  28. ↑ LeSueur was elected on a ballot which did not list party affiliation but he was a veteran Socialist nominated to run by Local Grand Forks. See: Mila Tupper Maynard, "A Socialist Mayor and an Almost Mayor," Social-Democratic Herald [Milwaukee], vol. 13, no. 35, whole no. 648 (Dec. 31, 1910), pg. 2.
  29. ↑ Love was elected by a margin of 164 votes in the April 1916 election. "About the Milwaukee Election: Socialists Elect Mayor and Two Socialist Aldermen in West Allis," St. Louis Labor, whole no. 794 (April 22, 1916), pg. 8.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 190.
  33. ↑ "Brainerd, Minn., Elects Socialist Mayor," St. Louis Labor, vol. 6, whole no. 429 (April 24, 1909), pg. 5.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (pay-fee for article)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Bengston 1999, pp. 182.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ "Comrades Who Will Control the City Government of St. Marys Ohio for the Next Two Years," International Socialist Review, vol. 12, no. 6 (Dec. 1911), pp. 376-378.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 French 1914, pp. 917.
  43. ↑ "Elect Mayor as Socialist," Chicago Daily Socialist, vol. 4, no. 156 (April 27, 1910), pg. 4.
  44. ↑ Bedford 1966, pp. 122.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

  • Benjamin F. Arrington, Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1922; pg. 976.
  • Henry F. Bedford, Socialism and the Workers in Massachusetts, 1886-1912. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1966.
  • Henry Bengston, On the Left in America: Memoirs of the Scandinavian-American Labor Movement. SIU Press, 1999; pg. 237.
  • Hiram Taylor French, History of Idaho: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People and Its Principal Interests. New York: New York Public Library, 1914; pg. 976.
  • C. Hal Nelson, Sinnissippi Saga: A History of Rockford and Winnebago County, Illinois. Winnebago County Illinois Sesquicentennial Committee, 1968; pg. 536.
  • Jack Ross, The Socialist Party of America: A Complete History. Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2015; pp. 609-638.
  • James Weinstein, The Decline of Socialism in America 1912–1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967; pp. 116–118.

External links

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