List of experimental aircraft
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
File:X-planes group photo.jpg
A group of 1950s NACA research aircraft
This is a list of experimental aircraft, or aircraft used or built to conduct experiments involving aerodynamics, structural materials, propulsion systems, configuration and equipment. Prototypes, pre-production and homebuilt aircraft described as experimental but which were not used in this manner outside of their own development are excluded.
Contents
Argentina
Australia
- GAF Pika – manned test craft for drone program
Brazil
- Baumgartl PB-60 - towed experimental rotor kite
Canada
- AEA Silver Dart – first aircraft to fly in Canada
- Avro Canada Avrocar - ducted fan VTOL
- Birdman Project 102
- Canadair CL-52 - jet engine testbed (converted Boeing B-47)
- Canadair CL-84 - tilt-wing VTOL
- de Havilland Canada C-8A Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft
- de Havilland Canada C-8A Air-Cushion Landing System
- de Havilland Canada C-8A Augmentor Wing
- Marsden Gemini - variable-geometry glider
- NRC tailless glider - tailless flying wing
- UTIAS Ornithopter No.1
France
- Aérocentre NC.130 - high-altitude flight
- Aérospatiale Ludion - thrust vectored rocket VTOL
- Arsenal-Delanne 10 - tandem wing
- Arsenal VG 70 - high speed research
- Arsenal O.101 - aerodynamic research
- Breguet-Dorand Gyroplane Laboratoire - helicopter
- Breguet-Richet Gyroplane - helicopter
- Breguet Laboratoire Eiffel - monoplane testbed
- Dassault Balzac V - VTOL testbed
- Dassault Mirage IIIV - VTOL testbed
- Dassault Milan - canard research
- Dassault Mirage G - variable geometry
- Dassault LOGIDUC - unmanned combat aerial vehicle development
- Dassault nEUROn – UCAV technology demonstrator
- Farman F.1010 - heavy cannon flight testing
- Farman F.1020 - semi-circular wing
- Fouga Gemeaux - engine testbed
- Gastambide-Levavasseur Variable Surface Aircraft - variable chord wing testbed
- Gérin Varivol - variable chord wing testbed
- Gyroplane Laboratoire - experimental helicopter
- Hanriot HD.28 – one example was tested a vee tail
- Hurel-Dubois HD.10 – very high aspect ratio wings
- Leduc 0.10 – ramjet
- Leduc 0.21 – ramjet
- Makhonine Mak-10 – variable span wing
- Nord 500 – VTOL tilt ducted fan research aircraft
- Nord 1402/1405 Gerfaut – delta wing research aircraft
- Nord 1500 Griffon - ramjet
- Nord 1601 – swept wing research aircraft
- Payen PA-22 - tandem delta/normal wings
- Payen Pa 49 - tandem delta/normal wings
- Potez-CAMS 160 - 5/13 scale six engine aerodynamic testbed for development of CAMS 161
- Robin X4 - materials and configuration testbed
- SNECMA Atar Volant - vertical lift jet
- SNECMA Coléoptère - vertical lift annular wing
- Sud Est SE-1210 scale aerodynamic testbed for SE-1200 transatlantic flying boat
- Sud-Ouest Ariel – tip jet rotor helicopter
- Sud-Ouest Farfadet - convertiplane
- Sud-Ouest Triton – first French jet aircraft
Finland
Germany
- Akaflieg Berlin B 9 – prone pilot
- Akaflieg Darmstadt/Akaflieg München DM1 – delta wing
- Albatros L.81 - elektron metal structure testbed
- AVA AF 1 – augumented lift
- Blohm & Voss BV 238 – scale proof of concept
- DFS 194 – tailless rocket aircraft used in development of Me 163
- DFS 346 – supersonic reconnaissance aircraft used for research
- Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet TransSonische Tragflügel (TST) - transonic supercritical wing research[1]
- Dornier Do 29 – tilt rotor STOL
- Dornier Do 31 – VTOL transport
- Fieseler Fi 158 - testbed for radio control system
- Flettner airplane – Magnus effect test vehicle
- Flettner Fl 185 - gyrodyne
- Focke-Wulf F 19 – multi-engined canard
- Focke-Wulf Fw 61 – first practical helicopter
- Fokker V.1 - structures and aerodynamics testbed
- Göppingen Gö 8 - development aircraft for Do 214
- Göppingen Gö 9 – pusher (behind tail) aerodynamic testbed for Dornier Do 335 development
- Gotha G.VI - asymmetric flying surfaces
- Gotha Go 147 – tailless research aircraft
- Heinkel He 119 – high-performance research aircraft
- Heinkel He 176 – rocket research aircraft
- Heinkel He 178 – jet engine research aircraft
- Horten H.III - flying wing
- Horten H.IV - flying wing
- Horten Ho VI - flying wing
- Junkers J 1 – pioneering all-metal cantilever monoplane (1915)
- Junkers EF 61 – pressurization
- Junkers Ju 49 – high-altitude test aircraft
- Lippisch Delta IV – delta wing
- Lippisch Ente – rocket-powered canard
- Lippisch P.13a - delta wing and use of coal
- Messerschmitt Me P.1101 - variable geometry (swing-wing) jet
- Opel RAK.1 – rocket propulsion
- RFB X-113 – wing in ground effect vehicle
- RFB X-114 – wing in ground effect vehicle
- Sack AS-6 – disk wing
- VFW VAK 191B – VTOL fighter
- Zeppelin-Lindau (Dornier) V1 - all-metal stressed skin construction biplane
Italy
Caproni-Campini N.1/CC.2 experimental motorjet and second jet aircraft to fly
- Ambrosini Sagittario – swept wing research aircraft
- Bossi-Bonomi Pedaliante - man-powered aircraft
- Caproni Campini N.1 – jet engine research
- Jona J-6 - tilting wing stabilisation system
- Lualdi-Tassotti ES 53 - experimental aircraft
- Piaggio P.111 – high-altitude research
- S.C.A. SS.2 – experimental canard
- S.C.A. SS.3 Anitra – experimental canard
- Stipa-Caproni – ducted prop research
Japan
File:Tokyo Imperial University,Gasuden Koken.jpg
Gasuden Koken
- Gasuden Koken – long range experimental aircraft
- Honda MH02 - materials and engine placement
- Kawasaki Ki-78 - high speed research aircraft
- Kayaba Ku-2 - tailless glider
- Kayaba Ku-3 - tailless glider
- Kayaba Ku-4 - tailless research aircraft
- Kimura HK-1 - tailless glider
- Mitsubishi RP-1 - experimental helicopter
- MXY-6 – canard scale testbed for Kyushu J7W
- Shin Meiwa UF-XS – proof of concept demonstrator for Shin Meiwa US-1A
Russia/Soviet Union
File:VVA-14 Front.jpg
Bartini Beriev VVA-14 Ekranoplan
- Alexeyev Ekranoplans
- Antonov A-40 – tank glider
- Antonov 181 – custer channel wing demonstrator
- Bartini Beriev VVA-14 – Ekranoplan
- Bartini Stal-6 – high speed aircraft
- Chyeranovskii BICh-3 – tailless delta research aircraft
- Chyeranovskii BICh-11 – flying wing to test wingtip rudders
- Chyeranovskii BICh-16 – human-powered ornithopter
- Chyeranovskii BICh-18 – human-powered ornithopter
- Chizhevski BOK-1 – high-altitude research aircraft
- Chizhevski BOK-5 – tailless research aircraft
- Grigorovich I-Z – recoilless cannon evaluation
- Grushin Octyabrenok – tandem wing
- Kozlov PS – invisible aircraft (covered in transparent material)
- MAI EMAI – magnesium construction
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-8 Utka – pusher canard proof of concept (1945)
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 – lifting body
- Mikoyan Project 1.44 – technology demonstrator
- Mikoyan-Gurevich N – mixed propulsion system
File:Yakovlev Yak-36 in July 1967 (3).jpg
Yakovlev Yak-36 VTOL research vehicle
- Moskalyev SAM-9 Strela – delta wing
- NIAI RK – telescopic wings
- NIAI RK-I – telescopic wings
- Nikitin PSN-2 – glider bombers
- Nikitin-Shevchenko IS – biplane/monoplane hybrid
- Sukhanov Diskoplan – disk wings
- Sukhoi T-4
- Sukhoi T-10 – technology demonstrator
- Sukhoi T-58VD – VTOL research aircraft
- Sukhoi Su-47
- Tsybin LL – forward swept wing
- Tsybin NM-1 – proof of concept
- Tupolev ANT-20
- Tupolev Tu-95LAL – nuclear-powered aircraft
- Ushakov flying submarines
- Yakovlev Yak-36 – VTOL technology demonstrator
- Yakovlev Yak-1000 – supersonic technology demonstrator
- Zveno project – parasite fighters
Spain
- Cierva C.4 – first autogyro to fly
- Cierva C.6 – autogyro
Sweden
- Saab 202 aerodynamic testbed for Saab 32 Lansen
- Saab 210 aerodynamic testbed for Saab 35 Draken
Switzerland
Taiwan
- Chu Hummingbird - experimental helicopter
United Kingdom
Avro 707 research aircraft in formation with Avro Vulcan bomber prototypes
- Armstrong Whitworth Ape – aerodynamic test vehicle
- Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52 - flying wing
- Avro 707 – aerodynamic proof of concept for Avro Vulcan delta wing bomber
- Avro Ashton – jet engine research vehicle based on Avro Tudor
- BAC 221 – modified Fairey Delta 2 for high speed delta research
- Baynes Bat - experimental tailless glider
- Blackburn B-20 - retractable hull seaplane
- Boulton Paul P.6 – used for wing research
- Boulton Paul P.92 – half-scale proof of concept
- Boulton Paul P.111 - delta-wing research aircraft
- Boulton Paul P.120 - delta-wing research aircraft
- Bristol 138 – high-altitude research aircraft
- Bristol 188 - high speed flight research
- British Aerospace EAP – technology demonstrator
- Cierva W.9 – experimental helicopter with anti-torque jet efflux
- de Havilland DH 108 Swallow – swept wing tailless transsonic research aircraft
- English Electric P.1A - supersonic research aircraft
- Fairey Delta 1 - delta-wing research aircraft
- Fairey Delta 2 - delta-wing research aircraft
- Fairey Jet Gyrodyne – jet-powered rotor
- Folland Fo.108 – engine test bed
- General Aircraft GAL.56 - tailless swept wing glider
- Gloster E.28/39 – early jet engine research
- Gloster Meteor F8 "Prone Pilot" – prone position flight control research
- Gloster Trent Meteor - turboprop propulsion
- Hafner A.R.III Gyroplane – experimental autogyro
- Handley Page H.P.17 – aerodynamic slot research
- Handley Page H.P.20 – aerodynamic slot research
- Handley Page H.P.75 Manx – tailless flight research
- Handley Page HP.88 – supporting development of Handley Page Victor
- Handley Page HP.115 – low speed delta-wing research
- Hawker P.1052 - swept wing testbed that led to the Hawker Hunter
- Hawker P.1072 - testbed for Armstrong Siddeley Snarler rocket booster
- Hawker P.1127 – experimental V/STOL combat aircraft development aircraft that led to the Hawker Harrier
- Hillson Bi-mono – slip-wing research
- Hunting H.126 – blown flap research
- Miles M.3E Gillette Falcon – high speed flight research
- Miles M.30 – blended wing body design
- Miles M.35 Libellula – tandem-wing fighter testbed
- Miles M.39B Libellula – tandem-wing research
- Miles M.52 – supersonic flight research
- Parnall Parasol - wing pressure and aileron testing
- Parnall Peto - experimental submarine-launched aircraft.
- Parnall Prawn - flying boat testing buried engine with variable-angle thrust line
- Reid and Sigrist R.S.4 Bobsleigh - prone-pilot research
- Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig – low speed VTOL control test rig
- Saro Shrimp - experimental half-scale flying boat for development of cancelled Saunders-Roe S.38
- Saunders-Roe SR.53 - mixed rocket/jet propulsion development aircraft for cancelled Saunders-Roe SR.177
- Short Cockle – tested metal construction techniques for flying boat hulls
- Short Mayo Composite – tested piggyback aircraft concept
- Short Mussel – testing metal construction techniques for aircraft floats
- Short S.6 Sturgeon – tested aluminium construction techniques for aircraft
- Short S.31 - half-scale model for Short Stirling development
- Short SB.1 – tailess glider for isoclinic wing research
- Short SB.4 Sherpa - improved, powered version of Short SB.1
- Short SB.5 – prove/develop wing for English Electric Lightning
- Short SC.1 – VTOL research
- Short Silver Streak - stressed skin construction, developed into Short Springbok
- Supermarine 508 – development aircraft with vee tail
- Supermarine 525 - swept wing development aircraft for Supermarine Scimitar program
- Vickers Type 618 Nene-Viking – jet engine testbed
- Vickers Type 470 and Type 486 Wellington – Whittle jet engine testbeds
- Vickers Type 602 Wellington Mark X – Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop testbed
- Westland-Hill Pterodactyl - series of tailless monoplanes
- Youngman-Baynes High Lift - testbed for Youngman flaps
United States
X-planes
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- Bell X-1 sound barrier
- Bell X-2 Mach 2–3 supersonic flight
- Douglas X-3 Stiletto sustained supersonic flight
- Northrop X-4 Bantam tailless aircraft
- Bell X-5 variable-sweep wing
- Convair X-6 nuclear reactor test aircraft (for future nuclear-powered aircraft)
- Lockheed X-7 "flying stove pipe" unmanned ramjet and guidance test missile
- Aerojet General X-8 sounding rocket (became Aerobee)
- Bell X-9 Shrike guided missile
- North American X-10 unmanned missile technology demonstrator
- Convair X-11 single engine missile testbed for Atlas
- Convair X-12 three engine missile testbed for Atlas
- Ryan X-13 Vertijet tail sitter VTOL jet
- Bell X-14 thrust vectoring VTOL jet
- North American X-15 hypersonic rocket-powered research aircraft (Mach 6)
- Lockheed X-17 research rocket testing high mach re-entry
- Hiller X-18 tiltwing STOVL cargo aircraft
- Curtiss-Wright X-19 VTOL tiltrotor
- X-20 Dyna-Soar spaceplane program (cancelled)
- Northrop X-21 laminar flow wing
- Bell X-22 ducted fan V/STOL
- Martin Marietta X-23 Prime lifting body reentry
- Martin-Marietta X-24 lifting body test aircraft
- Bensen X-25 single-seat autogyro
- Schweizer X-26 Frigate sailplane
- Lockheed X-27 Lancer proposed high-performance technology demonstrator based on Lockheed CL-1200 (only mockup built)
- Pereira X-28A Sea Skimmer single-seat flying boat evaluated by US Navy
- Grumman X-29 forward-swept wing test aircraft
- Rockwell X-30 single-stage-to-orbit spacecraft (cancelled)
- Rockwell-MBB X-31 extreme angle of attack test aircraft
- Boeing X-32 Joint Strike Fighter Program entry (lost to X-35)
- Lockheed Martin X-33 unmanned scale demonstrator for VentureStar single stage to orbit spacecraft
- Orbital Sciences X-34 reusable launch vehicle testbed (only unpowered prototype built)
- Lockheed Martin X-35 Joint Strike Fighter Program entry winner; became F-35 Lightning II
- McDonnell Douglas X-36 tailless fighter research agility aircraft
- Boeing X-37 reusable unmanned spacecraft
- NASA X-38 crew return vehicle for International Space Station (cancelled after tests)
- X-39 reserved for USAF/DARPA program use
- Boeing X-40 Space Maneuver Vehicle testbed X-37 guidance and flight characteristics
- X-41 Common Aero Vehicle classified DARPA/NASA maneuvering re-entry vehicle
- X-42 Pop-Up Upper Stage classified rocket upper stage
- NASA X-43 Hyper-X hypersonic scramjet
- Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA multi-axis tailless aircraft concept
- Boeing X-45 unmanned combat air vehicle
- Boeing X-46 unmanned combat air vehicle (proposal only)
- Northrop Grumman X-47 Pegasus unmanned combat air vehicle
- Boeing X-48 blended wing aircraft
- Piasecki X-49 compound helicopter technology demonstrator
- Boeing X-50 Dragonfly gyrodyne unmanned aerial vehicle
- Boeing X-51 Mach 7 scramjet
- X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing wing warping flight demonstrator
- Gulfstream X-54 supersonic boom intensity research and demonstration aircraft
- Lockheed Martin X-55 advanced composites technology demonstrator
- Lockheed Martin X-56 flutter suppression and gust load testing unmanned testbed
Other US experimental aircraft
US Army Bell 533 high speed helicopter research aircraft
XFV-12A on ramp at NAA in Columbus, Ohio
- Acme Sierra – pusher configuration
- ALTUS, Pathfinder and Helios were NASA's NASA Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology experimental aircraft
- AstroFlight Sunrise
- Ball-Bartoe Jetwing – blown wing research
- Bell D-292 – Advanced Composite Airframe Program
- Bell L-39 – swept wing research
- Bell Model 65 – tiltjet VTOL
- Bell XV-15 – tiltrotor VTOL and precursor to V-22 Osprey
- Bell 533 – a modified UH-1B helicopter used by the US Army for experimentation with various high speed technology enhancements
- Boeing ecoDemonstrator – three aircraft (as of 2016[update]) used to test fuel efficiency and noise reduction technology for airliners
- Budd BB-1 Pioneer – stainless steel construction
- Burnelli RB-1 – lifting body proof of concept vehicle
- Chrysler VZ-6 – ducted fan
- Convair NB-36 – nuclear propelled aircraft testbed
- Curtiss-Wright VZ-7
- Curtiss-Wright X-100 – tilt rotor VTOL (developed into X-200 and X-19)
- Custer Channel Wings
- DARPA Falcon Project
- Doak VZ-4 – tiltfan VTOL
- Douglas D-558-I Skystreak – supersonic research
- Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket – supersonic research
- Fairchild VZ-5 – deflected air VTOL
- Farrar LSG-1 Bird Flight Machine
- Gee Bee Model Q – canard built to test concept[2][3]
- General Dynamics F-16XL – cranked wing
- General Dynamics F-16 VISTA – variable stability
- Gossamer Albatross – human-powered flight
- Gossamer Condor – human-powered flight
- Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee – direct lift rotor platform
- Johns Multiplane - Seven wing heavy aircraft
- Kaman K-125 – experimental intermesh rotor helicopter
- Kaman K-16 – modified Grumman Goose Xused for V/STOL research
- Lockheed Altair8-G – twinned engine testbed (both engines were in a single cowl)
- Lockheed Have Blue – Stealth technology demonstrator
- Lockheed Vega Winnie Mae – high-altitude research – confirmed existence of jet stream
- Lockheed QT-2 – Quiet Thruster noise suppression experiments
- Lockheed XC-35 – pressurized cabin development
- Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird – jetlift VTOL
- LTV XC-142 – VTOL transport
- Martin 162A Tadpole Clipper – proof of concept aircraft
- Martin XB-26H Marauder – tandem undercarriage
- NASA AD-1 Oblique Wing
- NASA Hyper III
- NASA M2-F1 - lifting body/re-entry vehicle
- NASA Pathfinder - solar-powered aircraft
- Northrop F-5 Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstrator – shockwave reduction
- Northrop HL-10 – lifting body/re-entry vehicle research
- Northrop M2-F2 – lifting body/re-entry vehicle research
- Northrop M2-F3 – lifting body/re-entry vehicle research
- Northrop N-1M – flying wing research
- Northrop N-9M – flying wing proof of concept aircraft for Northrop YB-35
- Northrop Tacit Blue – Stealth technology demonstrator
- Piasecki PV-2 – helicopter technology demonstrator
- Piasecki VZ-8 Airgeep – liftfan VTOL research
- Republic XF-84H "Thunderscreech" – supersonic propellor
- Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor – inversely tapered swept wing
- Rockwell HiMAT - Maneuverability and control research
- Rotary Rocket Roton
- Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane – blown flap VTOL research
- Ryan XV-5 Vertifan – fan lift VTOL research
- Sawyer Skyjacker II – Low aspect ratio research aircraft
- Scaled Composites Proteus - telecommunication relay testbed
- Schweizer SGS 1-29 - laminar flow research
- Sikorsky S-69 – compound co-axial research
- Sikorsky S-72 – helicopter/aircraft hybrid research
- Sikorsky S-75 – Advanced Composite Aircraft Program
- Sikorsky S-76 SHADOW – Sikorsky Helicopter Advanced Demonstrator and Operator Workload
- Stinson L-1 Vigilant – 1 example modified for boundary layer experiments
- Travel Air 2000 Besler steam aircraft
- Vertol VZ-2 – tilt wing VTOL research
- Vought V-173 "Flying Pancake" – disk wing research for Vought XF5U
- Vought V-326[4] – high-altitude test aircraft
- Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 – helicopter
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Harrison, Ronald W., Gee Bee Ascender, Journal AAHS Fall 1984, p 190-191
- ↑ Hannan, Bill, le Gee Bee qui volait a l'envers, Le Fanatique de l' Aviation, No 161, page numbers unknown
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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