Mahantango Formation

Mahantango Formation Stratigraphic range: Middle Devonian, ~387 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
File:Mahantango Formation Rt522 PA.jpg Outcrop of the Mahantango on Rt. 522, Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Hamilton Group
Sub-units	See: Description
Underlies	Harrell Shale
Overlies	Marcellus Formation
Lithology
Primary	Shale
Other	Limestone, Siltstone
Location
Region	Appalachian Basin of eastern North America
Extent	New York to Maryland
Type section
Named for	Mahantango Creek

The Devonian Mahantango Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and Maryland. It is named for the North branch of the Mahantango Creek in Perry and Juniata counties in Pennsylvania. It is a member of the Hamilton Group, along with the underlying the Marcellus Formation Shale. South of Tuscarora Mountain in south central Pennsylvania, the lower members of this unit were also mapped as the Montebello Formation.

Description

The Mahantango is defined as a gray, brown, and olive siltstone and shale, characterized by coarsening-upward cycles. It is typically found conformally overlying the Marcellus Formation, and underlying the Tully Limestone (where present).

The Mahantango has been divided into four members:

• Tully Limestone: a fossiliferous calcaerous shale. The Tully is a conspicuous formation, which separates the Mahantango from the Hamilton Group.
• Sherman Ridge: Olive gray, fossiliferous, claystone and siltstone with interbedded fine sandstone coarsening upward.
• Montebello Sandstone: Olive gray, fossiliferous, coarse to fine-grained sandstone, interbedded with siltstone and claystone, in coarsening upward cycles.
• Fisher Ridge (also described as the Dalmatia and Turkey Ridge): silty claystone, siltstone, and very fine-grained sandstone.

The Sherman Ridge and Fisher Ridge are ridge-formers.

In south-central Pennsylvania, the Mahantango includes the Clearville, Frame, Chaneysville, and Gander Run Members.

File:USGS 2006 1237 table2 Stratigraphy Middle Devonian.svg

Generalized stratigraphic nomenclature for the Middle Devonian strata in the Appalachian Basin.

Depositional environment

The Mahantango represents a terrestrial to marine transition zone that went through many transgressive-regression sequences. The fine-grained rocks represent a shallow sea environment and accounts for many of the fossils. Coarser grained sediments represent near-shore environments, beaches, or possibly delta lobes. These environments were tide-dominated and often had violent storms. The Montebello Sandstone member is an example of a storm dominated rock unit. Brachiopod fossils are scattered in massive sandstone beds throughout the rock unit, while the Sherman Ridge member is more laminated with fossilized ripple marks often indicating tidal current directions.

Fossils

Enrolled Phacops rana from an outcrop of the Mahantango near Milesburg, Pennsylvania, with schizochroal eye visible

There are numerous marine fossils found in the Mahantango including Brachiopods, Crinoids, Trilobites, Bivalves, and Bryozoans.

Age

Relative age dating of the Mahantango places it in the Middle Devonian period, being deposited between 392 and 385 (±3) million years ago. It rests conformably atop the Marcellus Formation shale. Its upper contact is also conformable to the Trimmers Rock Formation and Harrell Shale.

See also

• Geology of Pennsylvania