Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

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The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 6 member states and 5 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as Shanghai Five. Of the 6 member states and 5 observers, SCO currently also have 3 dialogue partners and 3 guest attendance entries.

Member states

Flag Country
 Capital
 Area
(km²)
 Population
(2016)
 Density
(/km²)
 GDP per cap.
(PPP)[1]		 HDI[2] Currency
 Official languages Leaders Accession
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
People's Republic of China		 Beijing 9,640,011 a1,374,820,000 139.6 13,224 0.727 Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥)
(CNY)		 Standard Chinese[3]
written in simplified characters[3]
see also languages of China		 Head of State: Xi Jinping
Head of Government: Li Keqiang		 1996-04-26
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan		 Astana 2,724,900 d17,670,900 5.94 24,108 0.788 Kazakhstani tenge (₸)
(KZT)		 Kazakh (National)
Russian		 Head of State: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Head of Government: Serik Akhmetov		 1996-04-26
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz Republic		 Bishkek 199,900 f6,008,600 27.4 3,262 0.655 Kyrgyzstani som
(KGS)		 Kyrgyz (National)
Russian		 Head of State: Almazbek Atambayev
Head of Government: Temir Sariev		 1996-04-26
Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Russian Federation		 Moscow 17,075,400 b146,519,759 8.3 24,449 0.798 Russian ruble (₽)
(RUB)		 Russian
also see Languages of Russia		 Head of State: Vladimir Putin
Head of Government: Dmitry Medvedev		 1996-04-26
Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan		 Dushanbe 143,100 e8,352,000 48.6 2,698 0.624 Tajikistani somoni
(TJS)		 Tajik Persian Head of State: Emomalii Rahmon
Head of Government: Oqil Oqilov		 1996-04-26
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan
Republic of Uzbekistan		 Tashkent 447,400 c31,022,500 61.4 5,630 0.675 Uzbekistani som
(UZS)		 Uzbek Head of State: Islam Karimov
Head of Government: Shavkat Mirziyoyev		 2001-06-15

Observer states

Except for Afghanistan, the observers are due to be accorded full member status at the 2014 SCO summit.[4]

Flag Country
 Capital
 Area
(km²)
 Population
(2016)
 Density
(/km²)
 GDP per cap.
(PPP)[1]		 HDI[2] Currency
 Official languages Leaders Status gained
Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan		 Kabul 652,230 d27,101,365 43.5 1,944 0.465 Afghan afghani
(AFN)		 Pashto
Dari		 Head of State and Government: Hamid Karzai 2012-06-07
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus
Republic of Belarus		 Minsk 207,595 c9,498,700 45.8 18,246 0.798 Belarusian ruble
(BYR)		 Belarusian
Russian		 Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko
Head of Government: Mikhail Myasnikovich		 2010-04-28
Flag of India.svg India[Note 1]
Republic of India		 New Delhi 3,287,240 a1,284,480,000 364.4 5,808 0.609 Indian rupee (₹)
(INR)		 Hindi (Devanagari script),
English
also see Languages of India		 Head of State: Pranab Mukherjee
Head of Government: Narendra Modi		 2005-06-23
Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran		 Tehran 1,648,195 c79,011,700 48.0 17,443 0.766 Iranian rial
(IRR)		 Persian Head of State and Government:
Ali Khamenei & Hassan Rouhani		 2005-06-23
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 1,564,115 e3,067,550 1.75 11,919 0.727 Mongolian tögrög (₮)
(MNT)		 Mongolian Head of State: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Head of Government: Chimediin Saikhanbileg		 2004-06-17
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan[Note 1]
Islamic Republic of Pakistan		 Islamabad 796,095 b192,779,818 214.3 4,749 0.538 Pakistani rupee
(PKR)		 Urdu (National)
English		 Head of State: Mamnoon Husain
Head of Government: Nawaz Sharif		 2005-06-23
Notes

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Dialogue partner entries

Flag Country
 Capital
 Area
(km²)
 Population
(2016)
 Density
(/km²)
 GDP per cap.
(PPP)[1]		 HDI[2] Currency
 Official languages Leaders Status gained
Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia
Republic of Armenia		 Yerevan 29,743 c2,998,600 102.0 8,164 0.733 Armenian dram
(AMD)		 Armenian Head of State: Serzh Sargsyan
Head of Government: Hovik Abrahamyan		 2015-07-10
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan
Republic of Azerbaijan		 Baku 86,600 c9,696,800 109.0 17,761 0.751 Azerbaijani manat
(AZN)		 Azeri Head of State: Ilham Aliyev
Head of Government: Artur Rasizade		 2015-07-10
Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia
Kingdom of Cambodia		 Phnom Penh 181,035 c15,626,444 84.0 3,276 0.555 Cambodian riel
(KHR)		 Khmer Monarch: Norodom Sihamoni
Head of Government: Hun Sen		 2015-07-10
Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal		 Kathmandu 147,181 c28,431,500 180.0 2,388 0.548 Nepalese rupee
(NPR)		 Nepali Head of State: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
Head of Government: Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli		 2015-07-10
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka		 Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative)
Colombo (Commercial)		 65,610 c20,966,000 309.0 10,410 0.757 Sri Lankan rupee
(LKR)		 Sinhalese
Tamil		 Head of State and Government: Maithripala Sirisena 2009-06-16
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Republic of Turkey		 Ankara 783,562 c78,741,053 102.0 19,698 0.761 Turkish lira
(TRY)		 Turkish Head of State: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Head of Government: Binali Yildirim		 2012-06-07

Future participation

Observers India and Pakistan have been approved for membership, and are expected to join by 2016.[5] Observer Iran has also submitted an application for full membership.[6] Meanwhile, in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[7] Egypt[8] and Syria has also submitted an application for observer status,[6] while Egypt, Maldives and Ukraine[9] have applied for dialogue partner status.[10][11]

Guest attendance entries

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded IMF 2012)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)
  4. ↑ http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25830/53/
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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