Neoptolemus I of Epirus

For a hero, see Neoptolemus. For a grandson of this king, see Neoptolemus II of Epirus.

Neoptolemus I of Epirus (Greek: Νεοπτόλεμος Α' Ηπείρου) (370–357 BC) was a Greek king of Epirus and son of Alcetas I, and father of Troas, Alexander I of Epirus and Queen Olympias. He was a maternal grandfather of Alexander the Great.

He claimed he was a descendant of hero Achilles and King Lycomedes, while Emperor Caracalla claimed that he was a descendant of Neoptolemus I.

Olympias was originally known as Polyxena. It is possible that Neoptolemus gave her that name.

Etymology

File:Roman - Medallion with Olympias - Walters 592 - Reverse.jpg

God Poseidon and Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemus, medallion

His name means "new war".

This was also a name of the son of the warrior Achilles and the princess Deidamia in Greek mythology, and also the mythical progenitor of the ruling dynasty of the Molossians of ancient Epirus.

Reign

On the death of Alcetas, Neoptolemus and his brother Arybbas agreed to divide the kingdom, and continued to rule their respective portions without any interruption of the harmony between them, until the death of Neoptolemus, which, according to Johann Gustav Droysen, may be placed about 360 BC.

The first epigraphical evidence of the Molossian league goes back to 370 BC under Neoptolemus.

See also

• List of the kings of Ancient Epirus

References

• Pausanias i. 11. §§ 1, 3
• Justin vii. 6. § 10, xvii. 3. § 14
• Droysen, Hellenismus, vol. i. p. 250

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

Preceded by Alcetas I

King of Epirus with Arymbas 370–357 BC

Succeeded by Arymbas