Olivia Chow

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Olivia Chow
鄒至蕙
File:Olivia Chow at Mayoral Candidates Roundtable 2014 (cropped).jpg
Chow in 2014
Mayor-elect of Toronto
Taking office
July 12, 2023[1]
Succeeding John Tory
Member of the Canadian Parliament
for Trinity—Spadina
In office
January 23, 2006 – March 12, 2014
Preceded by Tony Ianno
Succeeded by Adam Vaughan
Toronto City Councillor
for Ward 20 Trinity—Spadina
(Ward 24 Downtown; 1992–2000)
In office
January 1, 1992 – November 28, 2005
Preceded by Dale Martin
Succeeded by Martin Silva (2006)
Other roles
Personal details
Born (1957-03-24) March 24, 1957 (age 68)
British Hong Kong
Nationality Canadian
Political party Independent
Other political
affiliations		 New Democratic
Spouse(s) Jack Layton (m. 1988; died 2011)
Residence Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Alma mater University of Toronto
University of Guelph
Ontario College of Art
Occupation
  • Politician
  • professor
Website www.oliviachow.ca
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 鄒至蕙
Simplified Chinese 邹至蕙

Olivia Chow (Chinese: 鄒至蕙; Cantonese Yale: Jāu Ji-waih; born March 24, 1957) is a Canadian politician who is the mayor-elect of Toronto. Previously, Chow served as New Democratic Party (NDP) member of Parliament (MP) for Trinity—Spadina from 2006 to 2014 and as city councillor in Metro Toronto from 1992 to the 1998 amalgamation and in Toronto from 1998 to 2005. She placed third in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election, behind winner John Tory and runner-up Doug Ford.

Born in British Hong Kong, Chow was first elected in 1985 as a Toronto school board trustee. She ran in the 1991 Toronto election, where she was elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council and remained active in local Toronto politics until her election to the House of Commons in the 2006 Canadian election. Chow resigned her seat in Parliament in 2014, to run for mayor of Toronto, placing third. Following her 2014 campaign, she joined Ryerson University as a distinguished visiting professor. In the 2015 federal election, she unsuccessfully ran in Spadina—Fort York. Chow was elected mayor in 2023 following John Tory's resignation. Once sworn in, she will become the third woman (the first of post-amalgamated Toronto) and the first racialized person to serve as Mayor of Toronto.[2]

Chow is the widow of Jack Layton, who served as the leader of the Official Opposition in 2011 and leader of the NDP from 2003 to 2011. They were married from 1988 until his death from cancer in 2011.

Early life and career

Chow was born in British Hong Kong, to Ho Sze, a schoolteacher, and Wilson Wai Sun Chow, a school superintendent.[3] She was raised in a middle-class family in Happy Valley, a residential area in Hong Kong.[4] She emigrated to Canada with her family in 1970 at the age of 13 and lived in a high-rise unit in St. James Town, a neighbourhood in Toronto.[5] Her father worked odd jobs, such as delivering Chinese food and driving taxis to support the family. Her mother became a seamstress and a maid, and worked in a hotel laundry.[6] Her father was physically abusive towards her half-brother, Andre, and her mother, but nurturing and loving towards Olivia.[7]

Chow was raised in a Chinese Baptist household.[8] As a young girl she was a slow learner and had to repeat grade 3. However, she soon started to excel and she later skipped grade 8.[9] She attended Jarvis Collegiate Institute and studied fine arts at the Ontario College of Art, and philosophy and religion at the University of Toronto. In 1979, she graduated with an Honours Bachelor of Arts in fine art from the University of Guelph.[7]

After graduation, she worked as an artist. She owned a sculpture studio and created art pieces for clients. She still paints occasionally.[9][10] She later taught at George Brown College's Assaulted Women and Children Counselling and Advocacy Program for five years.

Political career

School board

Chow first became active in politics working in the riding office of local NDP MP Dan Heap in the early 1980s.[11]

With Heap's support, Chow ran for school board trustee, and won in November 1985.[12][13] Beginning in 1986, Chow sought for programming to protect students on the basis of sexuality, spurred by incidents of harassment she was shown, and by the murder of Kenneth Zeller, a school librarian. This led to the introduction of what was believed to be Ontario's first sexuality school program, approved in May 1988 with support of TDSB direct Ned McKeown.[14][15][16][17] She served as head of the school board's race relations committee.[18][19]

Municipal politics

Popular on the school board, she was handily elected to Metropolitan Toronto Council in the 1991 election for the Metro Toronto ward of Downtown (this ward was abolished in the 1997 amalgamation).[20] The area has long been home to a diverse group of communities in the core of Canada's largest urban centre. Chow was re-elected several times to city council by wide margins. As councillor, Chow was an advocate for the homeless, public transit, and many other urban issues that promote sustainable development. She was also a vociferous opponent of the proposed Toronto Island Airport expansion, a controversial plan by the Toronto Port Authority.

Following the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto, she and her husband Jack Layton were prominent members of the city council. While sometimes critical of pro-development Mayor Mel Lastman and other suburban councillors, they worked with councillors across political lines to achieve practical progressive measures. Layton left his seat on council to become federal leader of the NDP. Both were supporters of David Miller's successful 2003 campaign to become mayor of Toronto.

Chow was forced to resign her position on the Toronto Police Services Board because, at a riot in front of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, she informally attempted to persuade police to change their tactics. Some argued, however, that she was ousted for her outspoken attitude towards alleged police misconduct.

Chow, a cycling advocate, was renowned for her trademark bicycle, decorated with flowers and bright colours, which she rode every day to Toronto City Hall.[21]

Federal politics

In 1997, Chow ran as an NDP candidate for the House of Commons in Trinity—Spadina. Liberal incumbent Tony Ianno won by 1,802 votes, 4.5% of the total.

In 2004, Chow again won the Trinity—Spadina NDP nomination for the summer federal election. With support from Jack Layton, a new urban focus of the NDP, and higher party popularity nationwide, she was widely expected to win despite some criticism from voters who elected her to a municipal seat just six months prior. She managed another strong second-place showing, but failed to unseat Ianno by only 805 votes, 1.5% of the total.

Tactical voting was blamed partially for Chow's defeat, as Liberal attack ads on Conservative Party leader Stephen Harper attempted to make the election a choice between the Liberals and Conservatives, with the effect of attracting NDP-leaning voters to support the Liberals and stave off a potential Harper government. Chow also did not resign her council seat to run federally, with some suggesting that her constituents felt comfortable voting Liberal while still having Chow around to represent them at a different level of government.

When the Liberal federal government was defeated on a motion of non-confidence, Chow resigned her city council seat of fourteen years on November 28, 2005, to make a third run at seat in the House of Commons. She was succeeded on city council on an interim basis by Martin Silva. As Silva was not allowed to run for re-election, Chow's constituency assistant Helen Kennedy ran but lost to Adam Vaughan.

During the 2006 campaign, Mike Klander, an executive of the federal Liberal party's Ontario wing, made comments in his blog insinuating that Chow was a Chow Chow dog and said of her husband, "I just want to say that I think Jack Layton is an asshole".[22][23] Layton denounced the comments about Chow as racist, and Klander apologized and resigned.

On January 23, 2006, she won the Trinity—Spadina seat for the NDP in the federal election. She defeated Ianno by 3,667 votes, almost 6%. Along with Jack Layton she was part of only the second husband-and-wife team in Canadian parliamentary history to serve jointly. (Gurmant Grewal and Nina Grewal were the first, winning their seats in the 2004 election.)

In 2007, Chow sponsored a motion calling for Japan to apologize for forcing some 200,000 women to serve as wartime sex slaves. The motion was passed unanimously by Canada's parliament in November 2007. Chow said, "For me, this isn't crimes against 200,000 women. It's crimes against humanity and all of the world's citizens have a responsibility to speak out against it."[24]

On June 3, 2008, Chow, "who [originally] brought in the motion",[attribution needed] voted to implement a program which would "allow conscientious objectors ... to a war not sanctioned by the United Nations ... to ... remain in Canada". The motion gained international attention from The New York Times,[25] the BBC[26] and the New Zealand press.[27] The Toronto Star reported: "[It] passed 137 to 110 ... But the motion is non-binding and the victory was bittersweet as the government (Conservative Party of Canada) is likely to ignore it."[28][29][30] After Prime Minister Harper sought and received permission to seek a new mandate in 2008, Chow would reintroduce the same motion in the 40th Canadian Parliament. The House passed it on March 30, 2009, with a vote of 129–125.[31][32] Chow was instrumental in debates and actions surrounding Canada and Iraq War resisters.

Chow walks to her polling station with her husband Jack Layton, May 2, 2011.

In the 2011 Canadian federal election, which saw the NDP's historic rise to Official Opposition, Chow was re-elected handily in Trinity—Spadina with a margin of more than 20,000 votes over her nearest rival. She was named critic for transport, infrastructure and communities in the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet. She also became the first spouse of a leader of the Opposition to be an MP as well.

However, her time in Stornoway was to be short, as Jack Layton died of cancer just three months after assuming office. Chow was in the spotlight as Layton's widow during the mourning period and state funeral, winning respect for her care for her husband in his last days and for her dignity and poise in grief,[33] and her personal and political partnerships with Layton were eulogized.[34] Subsequently, she ruled out a bid for the leadership of the NDP[35] and pledged neutrality in the leadership race.

On March 12, 2014, Chow resigned her seat and registered to run in the 2014 mayoral race in Toronto.[5][36]

2014 Toronto mayoral election

File:Olivia Chow mayor campaign.png
Chow speaks at a campaign event.

Chow entered the 2014 mayoral campaign in an attempt to unseat incumbent Rob Ford after most polls taken over the previous year suggested she was best placed to win either a head-to-head vote against Ford or a multi-candidate contest. Ford's mayoralty had been at the centre of several controversies during his tenure, most significantly over accusations and ultimately Ford's own admission that he had used crack cocaine as well as allegations that he has associated with criminals. Chow was the only prominent centre-left candidate running against Ford. Her other major rivals in the election, former provincial Opposition leader John Tory, councillor Karen Stintz and former budget chief David Soknacki as well as Ford himself, were all centre-right candidates.[36]

Chow's campaign manager was John Laschinger, who previously managed David Miller's mayoral campaigns as well as federal and provincial Conservative campaigns. Former federal and provincial Liberal strategist Warren Kinsella also worked on her campaign. Other senior staff included former MuchMusic VJ Jennifer Hollett,[37] former NDP national director Nathan Rotman,[38] and Brian Topp,[39] a former NDP leadership candidate. Supporters included former Ontario Liberal cabinet minister George Smitherman (who was the runner-up to Ford in the 2010 mayoral election) and filmmaker Deepa Mehta.[36]

Chow's three priority areas were transit, children and jobs.[40] She came out against subway expansion in favour of more buses, and building LRTs lines on Toronto's roads.[41] She also released policies about expanding after-school recreation programs for children aged 6–11,[42] as well as creating 5,000 jobs and training opportunities for young people through community benefits agreements.[43]

Over the course of the election, Chow went from the polling favourite at the beginning of the campaign to eventually placing third in the election. Polls suggested she failed to capitalize on her early popularity and fell victim to strategic voting.[44]

2015 attempted return

Chow announced on July 28, 2015, that she was seeking the federal NDP nomination in Spadina—Fort York for the 2015 federal election. The new riding comprises much of the former Trinity—Spadina riding. She faced Liberal MP Adam Vaughan, who was elected MP for Trinity—Spadina in 2014 in a by-election that was held following Chow's resignation to run for mayor.[45][46] Chow lost to Vaughan by a wide margin amid a Liberal sweep of Toronto ridings.[47]

2023 mayoral by-election

On April 17, 2023, Chow announced her campaign for mayor of Toronto in the 2023 by-election.[48]

Chow's campaign policies include stopping renovictions by transferring affordable rental apartment buildings to not-for-profit providers,[49] doubling the reach of Toronto's Rent bank, increasing the Tenant Support Program,[50] requesting permission to decriminalize recreational drugs,[51] and building a busway along the route of the soon-to-be decommissioned Scarborough RT to improve transit service in Scarborough while the Line 2 extension is being constructed.

Outside politics

Following her loss in the municipal election, Chow was appointed to a three-year term, beginning March 1, 2015,[52] as distinguished visiting professor in Ryerson's Faculty of Arts, with a focus on community engagement and democratic participation.[45][53] On July 28, 2015, Ryerson University released a statement that it had agreed to grant Chow's request for a leave of absence from the university so that she could run for MP.[54]

Chow's personal memoir, titled My Journey, was published January 21, 2014.[55]

In 2016, Chow founded the Institute for Change Leaders, an organization affiliated with Toronto Metropolitan University which teaches political campaign and organizing skills.[56]

Personal life

Chow was married to Jack Layton from 1988 until his death in August 2011. On August 20, 2012, she unveiled a statue dedicated to Layton; tributes to him were written in English, Chinese and French. The statue is located in Harbour Square Park at the Jack Layton Ferry Terminal.

In 2005, she revealed that she had undergone surgery for thyroid cancer in 2004. She decided to speak out to raise awareness of the disease.[57] In 2013, she was diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II.[58]

Chow speaks Cantonese, Mandarin and English.[59]

She was portrayed by Sook-Yin Lee in the 2013 CBC Television film Jack. Lee won a Canadian Screen Award for her performance.[60]

Awards

In May 2012, Chow was named one of the top 25 Canadian immigrants in Canada by the Canadian Immigrant magazine.[61]

Chow was voted "Best City Councillor" on numerous occasions by Toronto's alternative weeklies Now Magazine[62][63] and Eye Weekly.

Electoral record

2023 Toronto mayoral by-election
Mayoral Candidate Vote  %
Olivia Chow 268,676 37.17%
Ana Bailão 234,647 32.46%
Mark Saunders 62,017 8.58%
Anthony Furey 35,839 4.96%
Josh Matlow 35,516 4.91%
Mitzie Hunter 21,170 2.93%
Chloe Brown 18,763 2.60%
Brad Bradford 9,234 1.28%
Chris Saccoccia 7,981 1.10%
Anthony Perruzza 3,017 0.42%
Xiao Hua Gong 2,975 0.41%
Lyall Sanders 2,766 0.38%
Giorgio Mammoliti 1,097 0.15%
Bahira Abdulsalam 905 0.13%
Sharif Ahmed 813 0.11%
Raksheni Sivaneswaran 772 0.11%
Dionysios Apostolopoulos 725 0.10%
Logan Choy 694 0.10%
Toby Heaps 593 0.08%
Roland Chan 514 0.07%
Reginald Tull 481 0.07%
Rob Davis 378 0.05%
Jamie Atkinson 361 0.05%
Frank D'Amico 357 0.05%
Gru Jesse Allan 352 0.05%
Frank D'Angelo 342 0.05%
Eliazar Bonilla 306 0.04%
Heather He 297 0.04%
Kiri Vadivelu 289 0.04%
Jose Baking 284 0.04%
Danny Chevalier Romero 281 0.04%
Monica Forrester 278 0.04%
Cleveland Marshall 269 0.04%
Kevin Clarke 265 0.04%
Blake Acton 264 0.04%
Mark LeLiever 259 0.04%
Thomas Hall 258 0.04%
Asadul Alam 255 0.04%
Celina Caesar-Chavannes 253 0.03%
Faizul Mohee 253 0.03%
Knia Singh 244 0.03%
Rick Lee 241 0.03%
Emmanuel Acquaye 234 0.03%
Willie Reodica 225 0.03%
Patricia Johnston 216 0.03%
Gordon Cohen 214 0.03%
Ben Bankas 202 0.03%
Bob Murphy 201 0.03%
Feng Gao 198 0.03%
Habiba Desai 196 0.03%
Sarah Climenhaga 194 0.03%
Darren Atkinson 192 0.03%
D!ONNE Renée 188 0.03%
Nathalie Xian Yi Yan 179 0.02%
Ari Grosman 177 0.02%
Paul Collins 167 0.02%
Sandeep Srivastava 166 0.02%
Monowar Hossain 164 0.02%
Norman MacLeod 162 0.02%
Jody Williams 160 0.02%
Mason Carrie 150 0.02%
Claudette Beals 149 0.02%
Atef Aly 146 0.02%
Syed Jaffery 145 0.02%
Kris Langenfeld 137 0.02%
Matti Charlton 134 0.02%
Partap Dua Singh 131 0.02%
Meir Straus 128 0.02%
Samson Deb 127 0.02%
Peter Handjis 126 0.02%
Steve Mann 126 0.02%
Weizhen Tang 125 0.02%
David Gulyas 120 0.02%
Glen Benway 118 0.02%
John Winter 118 0.02%
Michael Lamoureux 118 0.02%
Michael Jensen 115 0.02%
Brian Buffey 113 0.02%
Robert Shusterman 113 0.02%
Scott Furnival 110 0.02%
Walayat Khan 105 0.01%
Adil Goraya 103 0.01%
James Guglielmin 100 0.01%
Simryn Fenby 97 0.01%
Cory Deville 96 0.01%
Serge Korovitsyn 96 0.01%
Rocco Schipano 92 0.01%
Brian Graff 88 0.01%
Isabella Gamk 88 0.01%
Michael Nicula 88 0.01%
Jeffery Tunney 83 0.01%
Yuanqian Wei 78 0.01%
John Ransome 75 0.01%
Mitchell Toye 72 0.01%
Phillip D'Cruze 67 0.01%
Walter Rubino 66 0.01%
John Letonja 45 0.01%
Sheila Igodan 42 0.01%
Erwin Sniedzins 38 0.01%
Jamil Nowwarah 38 0.01%
Jack Weenen 28 0.00%
Daniel Irmya 27 0.00%
Canadian federal election, 2015
Party Candidate Votes % ∆% Expenditures
Liberal Adam Vaughan 30,141 54.66 +30.27 –
New Democratic Olivia Chow 15,047 27.28 -22.36 –
Conservative Sabrina Zuniga 8,673 15.73 -5.13 –
Green Sharon Danley 1,137 2.06 -2.11 –
PACT Michael Nicula 91 0.17 – –
Marxist–Leninist Nick Lin 59 0.11 – –
Total valid votes/Expense limit 55,148 100.0     $205,892.35
Total rejected ballots 268 0.48 –
Turnout 55,416 73.93 –
Eligible voters 74,958
Source: Elections Canada[64][65]
2014 Toronto mayoral election
Candidate Votes %
John Tory 394,775 40.28
Doug Ford 330,610 33.73
Olivia Chow 226,879 23.15
64 other candidates 7,913 2.84
Total 980,177 100.00
Source: City of Toronto[66]
Canadian federal election, 2011: Trinity—Spadina
Party Candidate Votes % ∆% Expenditures
New Democratic Olivia Chow 35,493 54.1 +13.2 ?
Liberal Christine Innes 15,218 23.2 −11.9 ?
Conservative Gin Siow 10,938 16.7 +2.9 ?
Green Rachel Barney 3,279 5.0 −4.0 ?
Libertarian Chester Brown 454 0.7 −0.12 ?
Marxist–Leninist Nick Lin 178 0.3 – ?
Total valid votes/Expense limit 65,560 100.00 – ?
Total rejected ballots – –
Turnout 65,560 68.8
Canadian federal election, 2008: Trinity—Spadina
Party Candidate Votes % ∆% Expenditures
New Democratic Olivia Chow 24,442 40.88 −5.15 $87,231
Liberal Christine Innes 20,967 35.06 −5.08 $68,343
Conservative Christine McGirr 8,220 13.75 +4.74 $53,815
Green Stephen LaFrenie 5,383 9.00 +5.16 $12,333
Libertarian Chester Brown 490 0.82 – $0
Independent Carlos Santos Almeida 164 0.27 – $541
Independent Val Illie 130 0.22 – $580
Total valid votes/Expense limit 59,796 100.00 – $94,303
Total rejected ballots – –
Turnout – –
Canadian federal election, 2006: Trinity—Spadina
Party Candidate Votes % ∆% Expenditures
New Democratic Olivia Chow 28,748 46.03 +3.99 $78,702
Liberal Tony Ianno 25,067 40.14 −3.41 $66,373
Conservative Sam Goldstein 5,625 9.01 +0.36 $22,879
Green Thom Chapman 2,398 3.84 −0.40 $165
Progressive Canadian Asif Hossain 392 0.63 −0.37 $257
Marxist–Leninist Nick Lin 138 0.22 +0.03 –
Canadian Action John Riddell 82 0.13 −0.04 $25
Total valid votes 62,450 100.00
Total rejected ballots 278 0.44 −0.17
Turnout 62,728 70.9 +7.2
Canadian federal election, 2004: Trinity—Spadina
Party Candidate Votes % ∆% Expenditures
Liberal Tony Ianno 23,202 43.55 −3.86 $68,821
New Democratic Olivia Chow 22,397 42.04 +3.87 $77,070
Conservative David Watters 4,605 8.64 −2.15 $34,598
Green Mark Viitala 2,259 4.24 +2.91 $1,330
Progressive Canadian Asif Hossain 531 1.00 – $24
Marxist–Leninist Nick Lin 102 0.19 −0.06 $164
Canadian Action Tristan Alexander Downe-Dewdney 91 0.17 – N/A
Independent Daniel Knezetic 89 0.17 – $3,103
Total valid votes 53,276 100.00
Total rejected ballots 329 0.61
Turnout 53,605 63.7
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.
Canadian federal election, 1997: Trinity—Spadina
Party Candidate Votes % ∆%
Liberal Tony Ianno 18,215 45.30 −5.84
New Democratic Olivia Chow 16,413 40.81 +13.83
Progressive Conservative Danielle Wai Mascall 2,793 6.95 −1.15
Reform Nolan Young 1,649 4.10 −3.73
Green Sat Singh Khalsa 392 0.97 −0.64
Natural Law Ashley Deans 194 0.48 −0.53
Independent John Roderick Wilson 159 0.40 –
Marxist–Leninist J.-P. Bedard 140 0.35 +0.16
Canadian Action Thomas P. Beckerle 130 0.32 –
Independent Roberto Verdecchia 129 0.32 –
Total valid votes 40,214 100.00

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.

Use <references />, or <references group="..." />

Further reading

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ NDP's Olivia Chow wins bid for seat on third try. CTV News. January 24, 2006. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Liberal exec quits over his blog remarks about NDPers. CBC News. December 27, 2005. [1]
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Diebel, Linda. "Olivia Chow: An oil painting in stoic grief". The Toronto Star, August 27, 2011. Accessed September 5, 2011.
  34. ↑ Kingston, Anne. "Jack Layton and Olivia Chow: A force field of two". Maclean's, September 5, 2011. Accessed September 5, 2011.
  35. ↑ "Olivia Chow rules out NDP leadership bid". CBC News. September 4, 2011.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Olivia Chow deletes the most Facebook comments Toronto Star. March 28, 2014
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ oliviachow.ca
  41. ↑ Olivia Chow wants to boost TTC bus service by 10% CBC.ca March 20, 2014
  42. ↑ Olivia Chow promises greater access to after-school programs for kids Toronto Star. April 6, 2014
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ http://files.harpercollins.com/Mktg/HarperCanada/PDF/OliviaChow_PressRelease.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Spadina—Fort York, September 30, 2015
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Chow&oldid=726984630"