Pakubuwono X

Portrait of Pakubuwono X, wearing the uniform of a KNIL major-general

File:A.C.D. de Graeff and Pakubuwono X of Surakarta.jpg

Pakubuwono X of Surakarta poses with the Governor General of Dutch East Indies Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (center) in 1928

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret tijdens een bezoek van Koning Chulalongkorn van Siam aan Pakoe Boewono X de Susuhunan van Solo TMnr 60001421.jpg

Pakubuwono X (in black military uniform) with King Chulalongkorn of Siam (center) during the latter's state visit to the Dutch East Indies in 1896

Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated 'PBX (29 November 1866 – 20 February 1939) was the tenth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). His reign corresponded with the political changes happening in the Dutch East Indies at the time, in particular the growth of local indigenous political organizations such as Budi Utomo and Sarekat Islam of which he and the royal family were patrons. Pakubuwono X was known to have many concubines, but his main consort was GKR Hemas, the daughter of Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII of Yogyakarta. He was also known major contributor to improvements at the Royal Graveyard of Imogiri, where he himself is buried. His correct title in Javanese etiquette standards contains honorific appellations, some of which each successive ruler inherits. He reigned from 1893 to 1939 and is the longest ruling Susuhanan of Surakarta to date.

Name sequence

Names in Javanese royalty are adjusted with status changes.

• 1866-1884: Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1884-1890: Lieutenant-Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1890-1893: Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1893-1923: Major-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
• 1923-1932: Lieutenant-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
• 1932-1939: Lieutenant-General His Princely Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta

Honours

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Dertien dochters van Z.H. Pakoe Boewono X (1893-1939) Soesoehoenan te Surakarta TMnr 10001313.jpg

Thirteen daughters of Pakubuwono X (circa 1921-1926), photo by Tassilo Adam

• GC of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (21.1.1932)
• GC Order of Orange-Nassau (mil 10.5.1922),
• XV Long Service Medal of the Netherlands,
• GC of the Order of the White Elephant (1929),
• GC Crown of Siam (6.7.1896) of Siam,
• GC Royal Order of Cambodia,
• GC Wendish Crown of Mecklenburg (1910),
• GC Nishan al-Iftikhar of Tunis,
• GC Order of Christ (Portugal) (5.1.1929),
• GC Order of the Dragon of Annam,
• GC Order of Leopold (Belgium) (c 1935)
• GC Leopold II of Belgium (mil 1920),
• GC Merit of Austria (1926),
• GC North Star of Sweden (1932)
• GC Order of the Star of Anjouan of France (1936),
• GC Order of the Crown of Italy
• GC Brilliant Jade (second grade) of China
• GC Sharifian Order of Alaoui of Morocco (1936),
• GC 1st class of the Orders of Khim Khanh of Annam
• GC 2nd class with star of the Order of St. Michael (Bavaria), Order of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and Franz Josef of Austria,
• Cdr 1st class of the Orders of Henry the Lion of Brunswick (1910),
• Commander Order of the Dannebrog of Denmark
• Commander Black Star of Benin of France,
• GO of the Order of the Bust of Bolivar of Venezuela, and the
• Order of the Double Dragon 2nd class 2nd grade of China
• Mahaputera Star 2nd class of Indonesia (2009 - posthumously)

See also

• Pakubuwono

References

Miksic, John (general ed.), et al. (2006) Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore ISBN 981-261-226-2

Regnal titles
Preceded by Pakubuwono IX	Susuhunan of Surakarta 1893–1939	Succeeded by Pakubuwono XI