Pandora Papers

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Not to be confused with Panama Papers or Paradise Papers.

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File:Pandora Papers logo.png
Symbol used to represent the leak by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

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The Pandora Papers are 11.9 million leaked documents with 2.9 terabytes of data that the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published beginning on 3 October 2021.[1][2][3] The leak exposed the secret offshore accounts of 35 world leaders, including current and former presidents, prime ministers, and heads of state as well as more than 100 billionaires, celebrities, and business leaders. The news organizations of the ICIJ described the document leak as their most expansive exposé of financial secrecy yet, containing documents, images, emails and spreadsheets from 14 financial service companies, in nations including Panama, Switzerland and the UAE,[4][5] surpassing their previous release of the Panama Papers in 2016, which had 11.5 million confidential documents (2.6 terabytes).[6][7][8][9][10] At the time of the release of the papers, the ICIJ said it is not identifying its source for the documents.[11]

Estimates by the ICIJ of money held offshore (outside the country where the money was made) range from US$5.6 trillion to US$32 trillion.[3][12][13]

Disclosures

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Main article: List of people named in the Pandora Papers

In total, 35 current and former national leaders appear in the leak, alongside 400 public officials from nearly 100 countries and more than 100 billionaires.[14] Among those names are former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Chilean President Sebastián Piñera, Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, Qatari Emir Sheikh Tamim, United Arab Emirates Prime Minister and Dubai ruler Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Gabonese President Ali Bongo Ondimba, Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati,[15] Ecuadorian President Guillermo Lasso and Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades.[16][17] More than 100 billionaires, 29,000 offshore accounts, 30 current and former leaders, and 336 politicians[18] were named in the first leaks on 3 October 2021.[1][11]

King Abdullah II of Jordan is one of the main figures named in the papers, with documents showing he had invested over US$100 million in property across the UK and the US; they included houses in Cliffside Drive, Malibu,[19] Washington, D.C., London and Ascot in the UK.[20][21] A UK company controlled by Cherie Blair was shown to have acquired a £6.45 million property in London by purchasing Romanstone International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company; had the property been acquired directly, £312,000 would have been payable in stamp duty. Tony Blair's name appears in a statement of joint income for the associated mortgage.[22]

The papers also reveal how an office block owned by Azerbaijan's ruling Aliyev family was sold to the Crown Estate, the sovereign's public estate, for £66 million in 2018, netting the Aliyevs a £31 million profit. Another office block worth £33 million was sold to the family in 2009, and was gifted to the son of Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev, Heydar.[5] According to Las Vegas Sun, "Members of the inner circle of Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan are accused of hiding millions of dollars in wealth in secret companies or trusts".[23] Supporters of former Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko accused Ukrainian President Zelensky, who came to power on an anti-corruption campaign, of tax evasion.[24] Elsewhere, a close associate[who?] of Vladimir Putin was revealed to have secret assets in Monaco, and Andrej Babiš, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, who had campaigned on promising to crack down on corruption and tax evasion, did not declare the use of an offshore investment company in the purchase of eight properties, including two villas, in Mougins on the French Riviera for £12 million.[5][25][26] Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta was also mentioned, despite being quoted in 2018 as stating, "Every public servant's assets must be declared publicly so that people can question and ask – what is legitimate?"[11] Kenyatta and six members of his family have been linked to 13 offshore companies.[27] The leaked list also includes transnational criminal organization leaders, such as Raffaele Amato, boss of the Amato-Pagano clan, a clan within the Camorra, dedicated to international drug trafficking. Amato used a shell company in the UK to buy land and real estate in Spain.[28][29] [30]

Other global names mentioned include Shakira, who was incorporating new offshore entities while going on trial for tax evasion; model Claudia Schiffer; Indian cricket player Sachin Tendulkar, Indian billionaire Anil Ambani, fugitive diamantaire Nirav Modi’s sister Purvi Modi, Alexandre Cazes, the founder of the dark web site AlphaBay, used to deal in illegal drugs; Pakistan's finance minister, Shaukat Fayaz Ahmed Tarin, and several of family members of Pakistan's top generals; and the CEO of Channel One Russia, Konstantin Ernst. Miguel Bosé, Pep Guardiola and Julio Iglesias are also named.[31][32][33][34][35][36]

Data sources

The leaked files come from 14 offshore service providers that help clients establish companies in secrecy jurisdictions.[37]

Offshore service provider sources[37]
Provider Records Time period Founding office location Year founded
All About Offshore Limited 270,328 2002–2019  Seychelles 2007
Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee 2,185,783 1970–2019  Panama 1985
Alpha Consulting Limited 823,305 1996–2020  Seychelles 2008
Asiaciti Trust Asia Limited 1,800,650 1996–2019  Hong Kong 1978
CCS Trust Limited 149,378 2001–2017  Belize 2005
CIL Trust International 459,476 1996–2019  Belize 1994
Commence Overseas Limited 8,661 2004–2017  British Virgin Islands 1992
Demetrios A. Demetriades LLC 469,184 1993–2021  Cyprus 1966
Fidelity Corporate Services Limited 213,733 1998–2019  British Virgin Islands 2005
Glenn D. Godfrey and Company LLP 189,907 1980–2019  Belize 2003
Il Shin 1,575,840 1996–2020  Hong Kong 2004
Overseas Management Company Inc 190,477 1997–2020  Panama 1961
SFM Corporate Services 191,623 2000–2019   Switzerland

 United Arab Emirates

 2006
Trident Trust Company Limited 3,375,331 1970–2019  British Virgin Islands 1986

Alcogal law firm

An ICIJ report focused on the Panamanian law firm of Alemán, Cordero, Galindo & Lee, or Alcogal, saying it was the "law firm of the Latin American elite",[38] having created at least 14,000 shell companies and trusts in tax havens. Alcogal was thus mentioned more than any other offshore provider in the leaked documents.[39]

Participating media outlets

For the uncovering of the papers, the ICIJ worked with journalists from 91 media outlets[40] in 117 countries including news organizations such as The Washington Post, L'Espresso, Le Monde, El País, Süddeutsche Zeitung, PBS program Frontline, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, The Guardian, and the BBC’s Panorama.[11][41]

The following media organisations worked on the investigation:[40]

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Reactions

Africa

Asia

  •  Jordan: The Jordanian government called claims made about King Abdullah II in the leak "distorted", while the King himself denounced what he claimed was a "campaign against Jordan".[43]
  •  India: The Indian Ministry of Finance promised an investigation into the revelations in the leak, and that appropriate legal action would be taken if necessary.[44]
  •  Indonesia: Coordinating Minister for the Economy Airlangga Hartarto and Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan are named on the leak. Airlangga denied any knowledge of the transactions by the corporation he owned in British Virgin Island. Luhut denied partnership with an Indonesian state-owned oil firm then changed the company's name.[45]
  •  Lebanon: Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati and former Prime Minister Hassan Diab denied any wrongdoing.[46][47]
  •  Pakistan: Prime Minister Imran Khan said that all citizens mentioned in the Pandora Papers would be investigated and appropriate action taken in case of wrongdoing.[48][49] Ahsan Iqbal, secretary general of the Pakistan Muslim League (N), called for the resignation of Prime Minister Khan.[46]
  •  Malaysia: Opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim called for the content of the Pandora Papers to be discussed in Parliament after it was revealed several officials, including current finance minister Tengku Zafrul Aziz, as well as former finance minister Daim Zainuddin were named in the leaks.[50]

Europe

  •  European Union: EU tax commissioner Paolo Gentiloni told the European Parliament that the European commission will present new legislative proposals to tackle tax avoidance and tax evasion by the end of the year.[51]
  •  Czech Republic: The Czech National Police promised an investigation into any citizens mentioned in the Pandora Papers, including Prime Minister Andrej Babiš.[52] Babiš denied any wrongdoing, and alleged that the timing and/or content of the leak was aimed at influencing the upcoming legislative election.[53]
  •  Ireland: Tánaiste Leo Varadkar stated that the Irish government and legislature would move immediately to close any loopholes in tax or company law that allow individuals and businesses to use the country as an offshore location.[54]
  •  Russia: President Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov dismissed the accusations against Putin, who is not directly named in the Pandora Papers, as "unsubstantiated claims" after several individuals linked to Putin were mentioned in the leak.[55] Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said that the United States was "the largest" tax haven and "billions of dollars in South Dakota belong to those accused of financial crimes."[46]
  •  Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelensky's office denied any wrongdoing after he was named in the leak.[24] Ex-journalist and Volodymyr Zelensky's associate Serhiy Leshchenko said "there is no subject for a scandal" and "in Ukraine, offshore companies are so widespread that the owners of stalls already have an offshore company".[56]

North America

Central America and Caribbean

  •  Dominican Republic: President Luis Abinader denied any wrongdoing after being named in the leak, adding that he "has been completely separated from the administration and management of all the companies controlled by the family, incorporated in the Dominican Republic or abroad" since he assumed power in August 2020.[65]
  •  Panama: The Procuraduría General de la Nación (PGN), a government agency, was reported to be analyzing the contents of the leak, seeking foundations for a criminal investigation of those mentioned in the leak.[66][67] The Colegio Nacional de Abogados (CNA), a local trade association, stated that Panamanian law firms had offered their services lawfully, the leak does not reflect reality, threatens the rule according to higher law, law firms and their customers around the world enjoy confidentiality which may only be breached by a court order, and the leak poses a threat to Panamanian law firms as it presents them as allies of criminals.[68][69]
    • Alcogal, one of the largest sources of leaked documents, stated that many people named in the leak had never been its clients, the ICIJ had divulged inexact and outdated information and a wrong image of their law firm, already decided who was guilty, and Alcogal considers themselves part of the solution and are not infallible. The Panamanian government sent the ICIJ a letter through law firm Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Aronoff LLP, stating whatever image the ICIJ had of Panama in 2016 is out of date, and the Panamanian government is willing to start dialogue to avoid further great damage to Panama, as happened during the Panama Papers. The government argued that the name "Panama" became linked to offshore companies and money laundering due to efforts from the ICIJ, despite not being the main tax heaven or destination for tax structuring contrary to what the Tax Justice Network said, the ICIJ's use of "Panama Papers" caused global media to associate Panama with tax heavens, and listed measures the government had taken after the Panama Papers.[70][71][72] They also announced the suspension of 50% of all companies registered in Panama, stated the aim to curb sensationalist coverage and counteract any negative consequences resulting from scandals where the country may be involved by others. The ICIJ was told to be cautious and avoid references to Panama without "informative justification". The government will supervise all subjects registered in Panama mentioned in the leak to protect the country's image and reputation through the newly created Superintendencia de Sujetos no Financieros, and the DGI will begin taxing procedures to all natural and juridical persons in the leak and is willing to exchange information with other jurisdictions.[73][74][70][75]

South America

  •  Chile: President Sebastián Piñera denied having hidden assets in tax havens.[23]
  •  Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso denied any wrongdoing.[42] He said that he voluntarily cooperated with the Pandora Papers investigation, and that regarding his naming in the leak, "most of the societies mentioned were legally dissolved in the past, and I have no link with those that may still exist".[76]

See also

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References

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External links

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