Paraspecies
A paraspecies (a paraphyletic species) is a species, living or fossil, that gave rise to one or more daughter species without itself becoming extinct.[1] Geographically widespread species that have given rise to one or more daughter species as peripheral isolates without themselves becoming extinct (i.e. through peripatric speciation) are examples of paraspecies.[2]
Paraspecies are expected from evolutionary theory (Crisp and Chandler, 1996), and are empirical realities in many terrestrial and aquatic taxa.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
The evolution of the polar bear from the brown bear is a well-documented example of a living species that gave rise to another living species.[13][14] Another example of a living paraspecies is New Zealand's North Island tuatara Sphenodon punctatus, which gave rise to the Brothers Island tuatara Sphenodon guntheri.[15]
See also
- Cladogenesis
- Anagenesis, also known as "phyletic change", where no branching event occurred (or is known to have occurred)
Notes and references
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- ↑ Ackery, P. R., and R. I. Vane-Wright. 1984. Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 425 pp.
- ↑ Patton, J. L., and M. F. Smith. 1989. Population structure and the genetic and morphologic divergence among pocket gopher species (Genus Thomomys). Pp. 284-304 in: Speciation and its Consequences (D. Otte and J. A. Endler, eds.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
- ↑ Bell, M. A., and S. A. Foster. 1994. The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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- ↑ http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~jxa4003/Publications.html
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- ↑ http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Polar_bears_related_to_extinct_Irish_bears,_DNA_study_shows
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