Portal:International relations
International relations are relationships between countries, including the roles of States, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and multinational corporations (MNCs). International relations are both an academic and public policy field, and can be either positive or normative, as international relations seek to analyze as well as to formulate the foreign policy of particular States. The study of international relations is often considered a branch of political science (especially after 1988 UNESCO nomenclature), but an important sector of academia prefer to treat it as an interdisciplinary field of study. Aspects of international relations have been studied for thousands of years, since the time of Thucydides, but international relations became a separate and definable discipline in the early 20th century.
Apart from political science, international relations draw upon such diverse fields as economics, history, international law, philosophy, geography, social work, sociology, anthropology, criminology, psychology, gender studies, and cultural studies / culturology. International relations involve a diverse range of issues, including, but not limited to: globalization, state sovereignty, international security, ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, economic development, global finance, terrorism, organized crime, human security, foreign interventionism, human rights. Template:/box-footer
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World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War (after the recent Great War), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (during which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (during which approximately one million people were killed, including the use of two nuclear weapons in combat), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history. (more...)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Alexander Wendt (born 1958 in Mainz, West Germany) is a political scientist who is one of the core social constructivist scholars in the field of international relations. Wendt and scholars such as Nicholas Onuf, Peter J. Katzenstein, Emanuel Adler, Michael Barnett, Kathryn Sikkink, John Ruggie, Martha Finnemore, and others have, within a relatively short period, established constructivism as one of the major schools of thought in the field. A 2006 survey of American and Canadian International Relations scholars ranks Wendt as first among scholars who have "been doing the most interesting work in international relations in recent years." Alexander Wendt was born in 1958 in Mainz in West Germany, and studied political science and philosophy at Macalester College before receiving his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Minnesota in 1989, studying under Raymond "Bud" Duvall. Wendt taught at Yale University from 1989 to 1997, at Dartmouth College from 1997 to 1999, at the University of Chicago from 1999 to 2004, and is currently the Ralph D. Mershon Professor of International Security at the Ohio State University. He is married to Jennifer Mitzen, also a member of the Ohio State political science faculty. He is currently working on two projects: arguing for the inevitability of a world state, and investigating the possible implications of quantum mechanics for social science. Wendt's most widely cited work to date is Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1999), which builds on and goes beyond his 1992 article "Anarchy is What States Make of It". Social Theory of International Politics places itself as a response to Kenneth Waltz's 1979 work, Theory of International Politics, the canonical text of the neorealist school.
- ...that Austria (pictured) had been divided and occupied by the Allied Forces from 1945 until 1955?
- ...that the Peace of Westphalia formally ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and created a basis for national self-determination that continues to this day?
- ...that Finland fought side by side with Nazi Germany in the Continuation War and then against it in the Lapland War?
- ...that Russia and Japan have been unable to sign a peace treaty after World War II and as of 2015 matters remain unresolved?
- ...that after the Chinese Civil War combat ended between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang Party of China, no armistice or peace treaty was signed and there is much debate about whether the Civil War has legally ended?
- ...that in the Russo-Japanese War the complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers and transformed the balance of power in East Asia?
- ...that the Cuban Missile Crisis played out on television worldwide and was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war?
- ...that after the summit of the Munich Agreement the then British prime minister Neville Chamberlain returned to Great Britain and declared that it would mean "peace for our time" only to be followed by the Second World War?
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| The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement which amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU). The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the EU member states on 13 December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which also is known as the Treaty on European Union, and the Treaty of Rome (1958), which also is known as the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEEC). At Lisbon, the Treaty of Rome was renamed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). |
- May 19:Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza returns to power after an unsuccessful coup d'état attempt during the 2015 Burundian unrest.
- May 18: Saudi Arabia-led airstrikes against the Houthi rebels in Yemen resume after a five-day ceasefire.
- May 17:The Islamic State reportedly seizes control of the Iraqi city of Ramadi after the retreat of government forces.
- May 16: An Egyptian court sentences deposed President Mohamed Morsi to death for his part in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
- May 14:*U.S. President Barack Obama meets with the Gulf Cooperation Council at the White House with a proposed nuclear deal with Iran top of the agenda.
- May 14:Malaysia turns away two boats with more than 800 Rohingya and Bangladesh migrants abandoned at sea by human traffickers.
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