Pulvinar nuclei
Lua error in Module:Infobox at line 235: malformed pattern (missing ']'). The pulvinar nuclei (nuclei pulvinaris) are a collection of nuclei located in the pulvinar thalamus.
The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates. The word is derived from the Latin pulvinus for "cushion". In Ancient Roman religion a pulvinar was an "empty throne" or cushioned couch for occupation by a deity.
Contents
Structure
By convention, it is divided into anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial subdivisions, each containing multiple nuclei.
- The lateral and inferior pulvinar have widespread connections with early visual cortical areas.
- The dorsal part of lateral pulvinar predominantly has connections with posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal stream cortical areas.
- The medial pulvinar has widespread connections with cingulate, posterior parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortical areas.[1]
- The pulvinar also has input from the superior colliculus to inferior, lateral and medial sections, which seems to be important in the initiation and compensation of saccade,[2][3] as well as the regulation of visual attention[4][5]
Clinical significance
Lesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.[6]
Other animals
The pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei.[7] Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).[8][9][10]
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />Additional images
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Constudthal.gif
Thalamus
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Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.
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Gray774.png
Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
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Human brain left dissected midsagittal view
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "pulvinar" at the BrainMaps project
- Atlas image: eye_38 at the University of Michigan Health System - "The Visual Pathway from Below"
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- ↑ Chalupa, L. (1991). Visual function of the pulvinar. The Neural Basis of Visual Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 140-159.
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- ↑ LaBerge, D. (1999). Attention pp. 44-98. In Cognitive science (Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Second Edition), Bly BM, Rumelhart DE. (edits). Academic Press ISBN 978-0-12-601730-4 p. 73
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