Ronchamp

Ronchamp
Notre Dame du Haut
Ronchamp
Location within Franche-Comté region Ronchamp
Coordinates:
Country	France
Region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Haute-Saône
Arrondissement	Lure
Canton	Champagney
Intercommunality	Rahin et Chérimont
Government
• Mayor (2008–2014)	Jean Claude Mille
Area1	23.54 km2 (9.09 sq mi)
Population (2006)2	2,961
• Density	130/km2 (330/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	70451 / 70250
Elevation	320–790 m (1,050–2,590 ft) (avg. 353 m or 1,158 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Ronchamp is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Franche-Comté in eastern France.

It is located between the Vosges and the Jura mountains.

Mining Museum

Main article: Ronchamp coal mines

Mining began in Ronchamp in the mid-18th century and had developed into a full industry by the late 19th century, employing 1500 people. The museum looks back at the miners' work, the techniques and tools they used, and their social life. A collection of miners' lamps is also on display.

Notre Dame du Haut

Main article: Notre Dame du Haut

The chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, designed by Le Corbusier, is located in Ronchamp. The Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut, a shrine for the Catholic Church at Ronchamp was built for a reformist Church looking to continue its relevancy. Warning against decadence, reformers within the Church looked to renew its spirit by embracing modern art and architecture as representative concepts. Father Couturier, who would also sponsor Le Corbusier for the La Tourette commission, steered the unorthodox project to completion in 1954.

This work, like several others in Le Corbusier’s late oeuvre, departs from his principles of standardization and the machine aesthetic outlined in Vers une architecture. It is interesting to note though, that even in this project, the structural design of the roof was inspired by the engineering of airfoils.

The chapel is clearly a site-specific response. By Le Corbusier’s own admission, it was the site that provided an irresistible genius loci for the response, with the horizon visible on all four sides of the hill and its historical legacy for centuries as a place of worship.

File:Roncamp inside.JPG

Interior of Notre Dame du Haut (looking up)

This historical legacy weaved in different layers into the terrain — from the Romans and sun-worshippers before them, to a cult of the Virgin in the Middle Ages, right through to the modern church and the fight against the German occupation. Le Corbusier also sensed a sacral relationship of the hill with its surroundings, the Jura mountains in the distance and the hill itself, dominating the landscape.

The nature of the site would result in an architectural ensemble that has many similitudes with the Acropolis, starting from the ascent at the bottom of the hill to architectural and landscape events along the way, before finally terminating at the sanctum sanctorum itself, the chapel.

The building itself is a comparatively small structure enclosed by thick walls, with the upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls. In the interior, the spaces left between the wall and roof, as well as asymmetric light from the wall openings serve to further reinforce the sacral nature of the space and buttress the relationship of the building with its surroundings.

References

• INSEE

External links

• Official website of the Ronchamp village (French)
• Official website of the Chapel of Ronchamp (French)