South American land mammal age
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(Redirected from SALMA)
Locations of SALMA type localities
Pleistocene ages
Pliocene ages
Miocene ages
Oligocene ages
Eocene ages
Paleocene ages
Pleistocene ages
Pliocene ages
Miocene ages
Oligocene ages
Eocene ages
Paleocene agesThe South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.[1]
The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.
Contents
Background
South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today.
Paleogeographic timeline
A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America:[2]
- 66 Ma – South America was connected to both North America and Antarctica. Soon after this point, it lost its connection to North America.
- 66–50 Ma – Tiupampan to Casamayoran - South America was connected to Antarctica which, in turn, was connected to Australia. The Antarctica–Australia connection was lost around the end of this interval or perhaps as much as 15 million years later.
- 50–34 Ma – Casamayoran to Tinguirirican - South America was connected to Antarctica, which was not yet covered by ice.
- 34 Ma – Tinguirirican - South America and Antarctica became detached and glaciations started to form in Antarctica.
- 34–9 Ma – Tinguirirican to Chasicoan - South America had no land connections to any other continent.
- 9–3 Ma – Huayquerian to Chapadmalalan - islands formed between South and North America. A complete Isthmus of Panama most likely formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
- 3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection between South and North America is established and migration between the formerly separated continents occurs. The main migrational route is from north to south, rather than the opposite way. This led to much higher extinction levels of groups in South America than in North America.
- Pleistocene – the glacials and interglacials of the Pleistocene caused drastic eustatic sea level changes, widening and narrowing the land bridge at the 'bottleneck' of Panama. As a side-effect, the vegetation changed during this period of strong climatic changes.
- Late Pleistocene – the earliest humans arrived in South America and settled in various parts of the continent. Evidence for cohabitation with the latest Pleistocene megafauna has been found at multiple locations, such as Monte Verde in coastal Chile and Tibitó on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia.
Since about 110 million years ago, South America and Africa are detached
Antarctica, Australia and South America were attached as one large isolated paleocontinent for about 15 million years
The Drake Passage, separating South America from Antarctica, was formed since the latest Eocene (~35 Ma)
The paleogeographical history of South America, with the separation from Africa and Antarctica
Definitions
Cenozoic fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South America
Fossil content
See also
- Biochronology
- North American land mammal age (NALMA)
- Asian land mammal age (ALMA)
- European land mammal age (ELMA or ELMMZ)
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Paraguay
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Uruguay
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Venezuela
References
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SALMA
- Flynn, J., and C.C. Swisher. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54. 317–333
- Paleogene
- Gurovich, Yamila. 2005. Bio-Evolutionary aspects of Mesozoic Mammals: Description, phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the Gondwanatheria, (Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of Gondwana) (PhD thesis), 1–621. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Accessed 2018-10-01.
Pebas Wetlands
- Wesselingh, F.P.; M.C. Hoorn; J. Guerrero; M.E. Räsänen; L. Romero Pittmann, and J. Salo. 2006. The stratigraphy and regional structure of Miocene deposits in western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia and Brazil), with implications for late Neogene landscape evolution. Scripta Geologica 133. 291–322. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Argentina
- Paleogene
- Vucetich, María F. et al. 2007. Mamíferos continentales del Paleógeno argentino: las investigaciones de los últimos cincuenta años. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial 11. 239–255. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Austral Basin
- Dal Molín, C.N., and F. Colombo. 2003. Sedimentación neógena en la Cuenca del Río Zeballos y del Río Jeinemeni (47° Latitud Sur) Antepaís patagónico Argentina. Geogaceta 34. 139–142. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. 2010. Sistemática y bioestratigrafía de los nanofósiles calcáreos del Cretácico del sudeste de la Cuenca Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–450. Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
- Santa María-Hualfín Basin
- Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo. 2014. Bioestratigrafía y diversidad de los mamíferos del Neógeno de San Fernando y Puerta de Corral Quemado (Catamarca, Argentina) (PhD thesis), 1–337. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Muruaga, Claudia M. 2001. Estratigrafía y desarrollo tectosedimentario de los sedimentos terciarios en los alrededores de la Sierra de Hualfín, borde suroriental de la Puna, Catamarca, Argentina. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 8. 27–50. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Santa Fe Province
- Vezzosi, Raúl Ignacio. 2015. Diversidad de los mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos, bioestratigráficos y paleobiogeográficos relacionados (PhD thesis), 1–913. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Agua de la Piedra Formation
- Combina, Ana María, and Francisco Nullo. 2011. Ciclos tectónicos, volcánicos y sedimentarios del Cenozoico del sur de Mendoza-Argentina (35-37° S y 69° 30'W). Andean Geology 38. 198–218. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Andesitas Huancache Formation
- Tejedor, Marcelo F. et al. 2009. New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3638. 1–43. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Aisol Formation
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; Agustín G. Martinelli; Marcelo S. De la Fuente; Sergio Dieguez, and Mariano Bond. 2011. Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Aisol Formation (Neogene), San Rafael, Mendoza, 135–154. Cenozoic Geology of the Central Andes of Argentina, SCS Publisher, Salta. Accessed 2017-10-01.
- Belgrano Formation
- Agnolin, Federico. 2006. Dos nuevos Anatidae (Aves, Anseriformes) del Pleistoceno inferior-medio de Argentina. Stud. Geol. Salmant. 42. 81–95. Accessed 2017-10-02.
- Bororó Formation
- Scarfati, L.; D.L. Melendi, and W. Volkheimer. 2009. A Danian subtropical lacustrine palynobiota from South America (Bororó Formation, San Jorge Basin, Patagonia - Argentina). Geologica Acta 7. 35–61. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Brochero Formation
- Zamorano, Martin. 2013. Diagnosis y nueva descripción de Propanochthus bullifer (Burmeister) (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae). Consideraciones bioestratigráficas y cronológicas de su procedencia. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 28. 283–292. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Casamayor Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-10-18.
- Raigemborn, María Sol. 2008. Estudio estratigráfico, sedimentológico y composicional de las sedimentitas del Terciário inferior (Grupo Rio Chico) en el sector sudoriental del Chubut Extraandino (PhD thesis), 11–58. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2017-10-18.
- Cerro Azul Formation
- Goin, F.J.; C. Montalvo, and G. Visconti. 2000. Los marsupiales (Mammalia) del Mioceno superior de la Formación Cerro Azul (Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina). Estudios Geológicos 56. 101–126. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Cerro Bandera Formation
- Kramarz, Alejandro; Alberto Garrido; Analía Forasiepi; Mariano Bond, and Claudia Tambussi. 2005. Estratigrafia y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Revista Geológica de Chile 32. 273–291. Accessed 2017-10-20.
- Chapadmalal Formation
- Elissamburu, Andrea; Alejandro Dondas, and Luciano de Santis. 2011. Morfometría de las paleocuevas de la "Fm." Chapadmalal y su asignación a Actenomys (Rodentia), Paedotherium (Notoungulata) y otros mamíferos fósiles hospedantes. Mastozoología Neotropical 18. 227–238. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Oliva, Cristian; Alfredo Eduardo Zurita; Alejandro Dondas, and Gustavo Juan Scillato Yané. 2010. Los Glyptodontinae (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) del Piso/Edad Chapadmalalense (Plioceno tardío): revisión y aportes a su conocimiento. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27. 112–120. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Olivares, A. Itatí; Diego H. Verzi, and M. Guiomar Vucetich. 2012. Definición del género Eumysops Ameghino 1888 (Rodentia, Echimyidae) y sistemática de las especies del Plioceno temprano de la Argentina central. Ameghiniana 49. 198–216. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Chichinales Formation
- Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo, and Ernesto Rodrigo Paz. 2013. Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 30. 186–195. Accessed 2017-10-20.
- Chiquimil Formation
- Esteban, G.; N. Nasif, and S.M. Georgieff. 2014. Cronobioestratigrafía del Mioceno tardío – Plioceno temprano, Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. Acta geológica lilloana 26. 165–192. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Martínez, Leandro C.A., and Alicia I. Lutz. 2004. Estudios preliminares de la xiloflora de la Formación Chiquimil (Catamarca), 1–3. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste - Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Mautino, Lilia R., and Luisa M. Anzótegui. s.a. Polen de la Formación Chiquimil, en la Localidad Vallecito (Mioceno Superior) Provincia de Catamarca, 1–3. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Morton, L.S., and R. Herbst. s.a. Gastrópodos (Orthalicidae) de la Formación Chiquimil (Mioceno) de Villavil, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, 1–3. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Collón Cura Formation
- Dalla Salda, Luis, and Juan Franzese. 2014. Las megaestructuras del Macizo y Cordillera Norpatagónica argentina y la génesis de las cuencas volcano-sedimentarias terciarias. Revista Geológica de Chile 31. 3–13. Accessed 2018-09-04.
- Escosteguy, Leonardo, and Mario Franchi. 2010. Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 66. 418–429. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Deseado Formation
- Agnolin, Federico. 2006. Posición sistemática de algunas aves fororracoideas (Ralliformes: Cariamae) Argentinas. Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 8. 27–33. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Ensenada Formation
- Picasso, Mariana B.J., and Federico J. Degrange. 2009. El género Nothura (Aves, Tinamidae) en el Pleistoceno (Formación Ensenada) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 26. 428–432. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Tonni, E.P. et al. 1999. The Ensenada and Buenos Aires formations (Pleistocene) in a quarry near La Plata, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 12. 273–291. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Fortín Tres Pozos Formation
- Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor et al. 2010. Primer registro fósil de Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) (Carnivora, Procyonidae) en la Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27. 313–319. Accessed 2018-09-03.
- Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Ángel Ramón Miño Boilini; Alfredo Armando Carlini; Martín Iriondo, and María Alejandra Alcaraz. 2009. Paleontología del Chaco Oriental. Una nueva localidad con mamíferos fósiles pleistocenos en el río Bermejo (Formosa, Argentina). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 26. 277–288. Accessed 2018-09-03.
- Gaiman Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina. 2007. Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina. Ameghiniana 44. 417–426. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Geste Formation
- Ciancio, Martín R; Claudia Herrera; Alejandro Aramayo; Patricio Payrola, and Judith Babot. 2016. Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61. 575–590. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- López, Guillermo, and Mariano Bond. 1995. Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna]. Stvd. Geol. Salmant. 31. 87–99. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
- Reichler, Valeria A. 2010. Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas. Andean Geology 31. 177–219. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Huayquerías Formation
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; Ross D.E. MacPhee; Santiago Hernández del Pino; Gabriela I. Schmidt; Eli Amson, and Camille Grohé. 2016. Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: anatomy, systematics and paleobiological implications. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 404. 1–76. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Garrido, Alberto C.; Ricardo Bonini, and David L. Barbeau. 2017. Paleoambiente, edad y vertebrados de la Formación Huayquerías, Mioceno tardio, Provincia de Mendoza, Republica Argentina, 50–55. XX Congreso Geológico Argentino. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Huitrera Formation
- Escosteguy, Leonardo, and Mario Franchi. 2010. Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 66. 418–429. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- India Muerta Formation
- García López, Daniel A., and M. Judith Barbot. 2015. A late Miocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Metatheria, Bonapartheriiformes) from northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 52. 314–323. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Ituzaingó Formation
- Franco, María Jimena; Mariana Brea; Óscar Orfeo, and Alejandro F. Zucol. 2013. La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina. El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 14. 41–55. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Flávio Góis; Alfredo E. Zurita; Alfredo A. Carlini; Laureano R. González Ruiz; Cecilia M. Krmpotic; Cristian Oliva, and Martín Zamorano. 2013. Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial 14. 118–134. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Koluel Kaike Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Laguna Brava Formation
- Vizán, H.; S. Geuna; R. Melchor; E.S. Bellosi; S.L. Lagorio; C. Vásquez; M.S. Japas; G. Ré, and M. Do Campo. 2013. Geological setting and paleomagnetism of the Eocene red beds of Laguna Brava Formation (Quebrada Santo Domingo, northwestern Argentina). Tectonophysics 583. 105–123
- Laguna del Hunco Formation
- Wilf, Peter; Kirk R. Johnson; N. Rubén Cúneo; M. Elliot Smith; Bradley S. Singer, and Maria A. Gandolfo. 2005. Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. The American Naturalist 135. 634–650. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Las Flores Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Lefipán Formation
- Goin, Francisco & Rosendo Pascual, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Javier N. Gelfo, Michael O. Woodburne, Judd A. Case, Marcelo A. Reguero, Mariano Bond, Guillermo M. López, Alberto L. Cione, Daniel Udrizar Sautheir, Lucía Balarino, Roberto A. Scassos, Francisco A. Medina and María C. Ubaldón. 2006. The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26. 505–510. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Loma de Las Tapias Formation
- Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Emma C. Vieytes; A. Itatí Olivares, and María G. Vucetich. 2009. Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico. Ameghiniana 46. 295–305. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Loreto Formation
- Otero, Rodrigo A.; Teresa Torres; Jacobus P. Le Roux; Francisco Hervé; C. Mark Fanning; Roberto E. Yuri Yáñez, and David Rubilar Rogers. 2012. A Late Eocene age proposal for the Loreto Formation (Brunswick Peninsula, southernmost Chile), based on fossil cartilaginous fishes, paleobotany and radiometric evidence. Andean Geology 39. 180–200. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Luján Formation
- Blasi, Adriana et al. 2010. Paleoambientes de la cuenca media del Río Luján (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el último periodo glacial (EIO 4-2). Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 17. 85–111. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Fucks, Enrique; Adriana Blasi; Jorge Carbonari; Roberto Huarte; Florencia Pisano, and Marina Aguirre. 2011. Evolución geológica y geomorfológica de la cuenca del Río Areco, NE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 68. 109–120. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Lumbrera Formation
- Del Papa, Cecilia E. 2006. Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61. 313–327. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Maimará Formation
- Pujos, François; Adriana Candela; Claudia I. Galli; Beatriz L. Coiras; Marcelo A. Reguero; Martín de los Reyes, and María Alejandra Abello. 2012. The Scelidotherine Proscelidodon (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Late Miocene of Maimará (Northwestern Argentina, Jujuy Province). Ameghiniana _. 1–7. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Maíz Gordo Formation
- Narváez, Paula Liliana. 2009. Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–229. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Accessed 2017-10-18.
- Mariño Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza, and M. Guiomar Vucetich. 2007. The first rodent from the Mariño Formation (Miocene) at Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina) and its biochronological implications. Andean Geology 34. 199–207. Accessed 2017-10-23.
- Mealla Formation
- Sánchez, María Cristina, and Rosa A. Marquillas. 2010. Facies y ambientes del Grupo Salta (Cretácico-Paleógeno) en Tumbaya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 383–391. Accessed 2018-09-07.
- Monte Hermoso Formation
- Agnolin, Federico L.; Sergio Bogan; Rodrigo L. Tomassini, and Teresa Manera. 2014. Nuevo Percichthyidae (Teleostei, Percoidei) del Plioceno temprano de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y sus implicancias biogeográficas. Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 16. 19–31. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Albino, Adriana M.; Tomassini Rodrigo, and Santiago Brizuela. 2009. Presencia del lagarto teiido Tupinambis en la FormaciónMonte Hermoso de Farola Monte Hermoso, sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ameghiniana 46. 177–187. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Bogan, Sergio, and Federico L. Agnolin. 2009. Primer registro fósil de la familia Trichomycteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Plioceno) en la Formación Monte Hermoso, Argentina. Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 11. 193–198. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Monte León Formation
- Náñez, Carolina; Mirta E. Quattrocchio, and Liliana Ruiz. 2009. Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Ameghiniana 46. 669–693. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Morterito Formation
- Morton, Lourdes S., and Rafael Herbst. 2007. Gastrópodos de la Formación El Morterito (Mioceno Superior), Valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 9. 153–160. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Palo Pintado Formation
- Anzótegui, Luisa M., and Maricel Yarina Horn. 2011. Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14. 239–254. Accessed 2017-10-22.
- Galli, Claudia Inés; Luisa Matilde Anzótegui; Maricel Yanina Horn, and Lourdes Susana Morton. 2011. Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 28. 161–174. Accessed 2017-10-22.
- Reguero, Marcelo A.; Adriana M. Candela; Claudia I. Galli; Ricardo Bonini, and Damián Voglino. 2015. A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina. Andean Geology 42. 56–70. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Paraná Formation
- Brea, Mariana; María Jimena Franco, and Alejandro F. Zucol. 2013. Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina. El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 14. 41–55. Accessed 2018-09-03.
- Cione, Alberto Luis; Daniel Alfredo Cabrera, and María Julia Barla. 2012. Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic. Geobios 45. 167–172. Accessed 2017-10-22.
- Martín Pérez, Leandro. 2013. Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–398. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Peñas Coloradas Formation
- Clyde, William C.; Peter Wilf; Ari Iglesias; Rudy L. Slingerland; Peter K. Bijl; Timothy J. Bralower; Henk Brinkhuis; Emily Comer, and Brian T. Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa. 2014. New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations. GSA Bulletin 126. 289–306. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Pinturas Formation
- Kramarz, Alejandro G., and Mariano Bond. 2005. Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia. Ameghiniana 42. 611–625. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Kramarz, Alejandro G. 2001. Estudio de la fauna de roedores de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno medio inferior de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (PhD thesis), 1–300. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Piquete Formation
- González Bonorino, Gustavo, and Liliana del Valle Abascal. 2012. Orogénesis y drenaje en la región del Valle de Lerma (Cordillera Oriental, Salta, Argentina) durante Pleistoceno tardio. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 69. 127–141. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Puerta del Diablo Formation
- Cione, Alberto Luis; Jorge Rafael Casciotta; María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta; María Julia Barla, and Mario Alberto Cozzuol. 2005. Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas. INSUGEO 14. 49–64. Accessed 2017-10-27.
- Puerto Madryn Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, C.; C. Tambussi; M. Donato, and M. Cozzuol. 2007. A new Miocene penguin from Patagonia and its phylogenetic relationships. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52. 299–314. Accessed 2017-10-25.
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina. 2003. Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Puerto Madryn (Mioceno Tardío temprano), provincia de Chubut, Argentina [Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) in the Puerto Madryn Formation (early Late Mioceno), Chubut Province, Argentina]. Española de Paleontología 18. 179–183. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation
- Chornogubsky, Laura; A. Natalia Zimicz; Francisco J. Goin; Juan C. Fernicola; Patricio Payrola, and Magalí Cárdenas. 2018. New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology Online edition. 1–17. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Del Papa, Cecilia et al.. 2013. Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 20. 51–64. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; Cecilia del Papa; Fernando Hongn, and Jaime Powell. 2010. Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 309–318. Accessed 2018-09-07.
- Río Chico Group
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Río Foyel Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Miguel Griffin; Marcos Asensio; Alberto Luis Cione, and Claudia Tambussi. 2013. Middle Cenozoic penguin remains from the Patagonian Cordillera. Andean Geology 40. 490–503. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Encinas, Alfonso; Andrés Folguera; Florencia Bechis; Kenneth L. Finger; Patricio Zambrano; Felipe Pérez; Pablo Benarbé; Francisca Tapia, and Ricardo Riffo and Luis Buatois, Darío Orts, Sven N. Nielsen, Victor V. Valencia, José Cituño, Verónica Oliveros, Lizet de Girolamo Del Mauro and Víctor Alberto Ramos. 2018. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Marine Transgression of Patagonia in The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes, 443–474. Springer. Accessed 2018-09-11. ISBN 978-3-319-67774-3
- Río Loro Formation
- Pol, Diego, and Jaime E. Powell. 2011. A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163. S7–S36. Accessed 2017-10-18.
- Río Mayo Formation
- Ecosteguy, Leonardo; Carlos Dal Molín; Mario Franchi; Silvena Guena; Omar Lapido, and Adolfo Genini. 2003. Hoja Geológica 4772-II Lago Buenos Aires, 1–80. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Río Negro Formation
- Pérez, Mariano. 2012. Análisis paleoambiental del miembro superior de la Formación Río Negro (Mioceno-Plioceno de Patagonia septentrional): un ejemplo de interacción fluvio-eólica compleja (BSc. thesis), 1–47. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Río Quinto Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Jorge Chiesa, and Guillermo Ojeda. 2008. Presence of Oxyodontherium (Macraucheniidae, Litopterna)in the Río Quinto Formation, San Luis (Argentina). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25. 217–226. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Salamanca Formation
- Apesteguia, Sebastián; Raúl O. Gómez, and Guillermo W. Rougier. 2014. The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281. 20140811
- Bonaparte, J.F., and J. Morales. 1997. Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina. Estudios Geológicos 53. 263–274. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Clyde, William C.; Peter Wilf; Ari Iglesias; Rudy L. Slingerland; Timothy Barnum; Peter K. Bijl; Timothy J. Bralower; Henk Brinkhuis, and Emily E. Comer, Brian T. Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, María del Carmen Zamaloa. 2014. New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations. GSA Bulletin 126. 289–306. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Jud, Nathan A.; Maria A. Gandolfo; Ari Iglesias, and Peter Wilf. 2017. Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia. PLOS ONE 12. e0176164
- Ruiz, Daniela P.; Mariana Brea; M. Sol Raigemborn, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2017. Conifer woods from the Salamanca Formation (early Paleocene), Central Patagonia, Argentina: Paleoenvironmental implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 76. 427–445
- Saldungaray Formation
- Verzi, Diego H.; Claudia I. Montalvo, and Cecilia M. Deschamps. 2008. Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy. Geobios 41. 145–155. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Salicas Formation
- Brandoni, Diego; Gabriela I. Schmidt; Adriana M. Candela; Jorge I. Noriega; Ernesto Brunetto, and Lucas E. Fiorelli. 2012. Mammals from the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene), La Rioja Province, Northwestern Argentina: Paleobiogeography, age and paleoenvironment. Ameghiniana 49. 1–13. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Santa Cruz Formation
- Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Richard F. Kay, and Susana Bargo. 2012. Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 1–370. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521194617. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Sarmiento Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, and Claudia Tambussi. 2005. Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]. Revista Española de Paleontología 20. 127–132. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Dozo, María Teresa; Martín Ciancio; Pablo Bouza, and Gastón Martínez. 2014. Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas. Andean Geology 41. 224–247. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Toro Negro Formation
- Ciccioli, Patricia L. 2017. Estudios de procedencia de la Formación Toro Negro a partir de modas detríticas y edades U-Pb en circones detríticos: implicancias para la evolución del Antepaís Fracturado Andino (La Rioja). Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 69. 68–82. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Uquía Formation
- Daza, J.D.; V. Abdala; J.S. Arias; D. García López, and P. Ortiz. 2012. Cladistic Analysis of Iguania and a Fossil Lizard from the Late Pliocene of Northwestern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 46. 104
- Reguero, Marcelo A., and Adriana M. Candela. 2008. Bioestratigrafía de las secuencias neógenas tardías de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy. Implicancias paleoambientales y paleobiogeográficas, 286–296. Relatorio del XVII Congreso Geológico Argentino. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Vorohué Formation
- Tonni, Eduardo P., and Jorge I. Noriega. 1996. Una nueva especie de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69. 97–104. Accessed 2017-10-24.
- Yupoí Formation
- Erra, Georgina; Margarita Osterrieth; Alfredo E. Zurita; Alicia I. Lutz; Enrique Laffont; Juan M. Coronel, and Analia Francia. 2016. Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el Pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales. Acta Biológica Colombiana 21. 63–72. Accessed 2018-09-10.
Bolivia
- Marshall, Larry G., and Thierry Sempere. 1991. The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 631–652. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Renner, Sven, and Carlos Velasco. 2000. Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba, 1–113. Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS). Accessed 2018-09-04.
- Rocha, Emilio. 2013. Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis), 1–204. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Honda Group
- Croft, Darin A. 2007. The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates. Palaeontology 50. 277–303. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Engelman, Russell K.; Federico Anaya, and Darin A. Croft. 2018. Australogale leptognathus, gen. et sp. nov., a second species of small sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the middle Miocene locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia. Journal of Mammalian Evolution in press. _. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Lacayani fauna
- Billet, Guillaume; Christian De Muizon, and Bernardino Mamani Quispe. 2008. Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152. 153–200. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Ñuapua Formation
- Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J., and Carlos A. Galliari. 1998. Sigmodontinos (Rodentia, Muridae) del Holoceno inferior de Bolivia. Revista Española de Paleontología 13. 17–25. Accessed 2018-09-03.
- Quehua Formation
- Baldellón P., Eddy; Michel Fornari; Félix Espinoza R., and Pierre Soler. 1994. Sucesión Estructural de la Zona Serranía de las Minas, 238–247. Memorias del XI Congreso Geológico de Bolivia. Accessed 2017-10-25.
- Salla Formation
- Reguero, Marcelo A., and Esperanza Cerdeño. 2005. New late Oligocene Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla, Bolivia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25. 674–684. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Santa Lucía Formation
- Buffetaut, E., and L.G. Marshall. 1991. A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia, 545–557. Revista Técnica de YPFB.
- Gaffney, Eugene S.; Peter A. Meylan; Roger C. Wood; Elwyn Simons, and Diogenes De Almeida Campos. 2011. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae. AMNH Bulletin 350. 1–237. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Gayet, Mireille; Larry G. Marshall, and Thierry Sempere. 1991. The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 393–433. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Jiménez, Grisel. 2012. Estratigrafía, facies y ambientes evolutivos de depósito del Paleógeno Inferior: Formación Santa Lucía (Sinclinal de Miraflores - Sección Cayara, Potosí), 1–23. .. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Rage, J.C.. 1991. Gymnophionan Amphibia from the early Paleocene (Santa Lucía Formation) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The oldest known Gymnophiona. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 499–501. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Rage, J.C.. 1991. Squamate Reptiles from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 503–508. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Renner, Sven, and Carlos Velasco. 2000. Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba. Boletín del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería 34. 1–113. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Sempere, Thierry; R.F. Butler; D.R. Richards; L.G. Marshall; W. Sharp, and C.C. Swisher. 1997. Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina. GSA Bulletin 109. 709–727. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Yecua & Petaca Formations
- Hernández, R.; T. Jordan; A. Dalenz Farjat; L. Echavarría; B. Idelman, and J. Reynolds. 2002. Edades, distribución, controles tectónicos y eustáticos de las ingresiones marinas paranense y caribeana en el sur de Bolivia y Argentina, 1–27. V Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología. Accessed 2018-09-10.
Brazil
- Rêgo Henriques, Deise Dias; Valéria Gallo da Silva; Luciana Barbosa de Carvalho, and Sergio Alex Kugland de Azevedo. s.a. Coleçao de tipos e figurados (8/1997), 1–20. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Entre-Corrégos Formation
- Pereira, Karoline Gonçalves. 2015. Mirtáceas da formação Entre-Corrégos, paleógeno da bacia de Aiuruoca, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (MSc. thesis), 1–139. Universidade Guarulhos. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Fonseca Formation
- Mendes, Márcio; Francisco Irineudo Bezerra de Oliveira, and Saulo Limaverde. 2015. Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista de Geologia 28. 27–36. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Guapirotuba Formation
- Sedor, Fernando A.; Édison V. Oliveira; David D. Silva; Luiz A. Fernandes; Renata F. Cunha; Ana M. Ribeiro, and Eliseu V. Dias. 2017. A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24. 39–55. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Itaboraí Formation
- Carneiro, Leonardo M.; Édison V. Oliveira, and Francisco J. Goin. 2018. Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 21. 120–131. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Oliveira, Édison V., and Francisco J. Goin. 2011. A reassessment of Bunodont Metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14. 105–136. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Salvador, R.B., and L.R.L. Simone. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the fossil pulmonate mollusks of Itaboraí Basin (Paleocene), Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 53. 5–46. Accessed 2017-10-01.
- Maria Farinha Formation
- De Araújo Carvalho, Anny Rafaela; Aline Marcele Ghilardi, and Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto. 2016. A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 4126. 491–513. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Pirabas Formation
- De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; André Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos, and Raphael Neto Araújo. 2010. Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 5. 207–224. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Solimões Formation
- Bocquentin, Jean, and Janira Melo. 2006. Stupendemys souzai sp. nov. (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 9. 187–192. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Carvalho, Patricia; Jean Bocquentin, and France De Lapparent de Broin. 2002. Une nouvelle espèce de Podocnemis (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) provenant du Néogène de la formation Solimões, Acre, Brésil. Geobios 35. 677–686. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Cozzuol, Mario Alberto. 2006. The Acre vertebrate fauna: Age, diversity, and geography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21. 185–203. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Touro Passo Formation
- Kerber, Leonardo; Vanessa Gregis Pitana; Ana Maria Ribeiro; Annie Schmaltz Hsiou, and Edison V. Oliveira. 2014. Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Touro Passo Creek (Touro Passo Formation), southern Brazil: a review. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 31. 248–259. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Tremembé Formation
- Do Couto Ribeiro, Graziella. 2010. Avaliação morfológica, taxonômica e cronológica dos mamíferos fósseis da Formação Tremembé (Bacia de Taubaté), Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1–112. Universidade de São Paulo.
- Malabarba, Maria Claudia, and John G. Lundberg. 2007. A fossil loricariid catfish (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea) from the Taubaté Basin, eastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 5. 263–270. Accessed 2018-10-08.
- Olson, Storrs L., and Herculano M.F. Alvarenga. 2002. A new genus of small teratorn from the Middle Tertiary of the Taubate Basin, Brazil (Aves: Teratornithidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115. 701–705. Accessed 2017-09-04.
Chile
- Abanico Formation
- Godoy, Estanislao. 2012. Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 69. 570–577. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Muñoz, Marcia; Francisco Fuentes; Mario Vergara; Luis Aguirre; Jan Olov Nyström; Gilbert Féraud, and Alain Demant. 2006. Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S). Revista Geológica de Chile 33. 109–140. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Bahía Inglesa Formation
- Achurra, L.E.; J.P. Lacassie; J.P. Le Roux; C. Marquadt; M. Belmar; J. Ruiz Del Solar, and S.E. Ishman. 2009. Manganese nodules in the Miocene Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile: Petrography, geochemistry, genesis and palaeoceanographic significance. Sedimentary Geology 217. 128–139. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Achurra, L.; C. Marquadt; J.P. Lacassie, and J.P. Le Roux. 2003. Nódulos de Mn de la Formación Bahía Inglesa: geoquímica, génesis e implicancias paleoambientales, 1–10. X Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, and Jhoann Canto. 2005. Primer registro de cráneos asignados a Palaeospheniscus (Aves, Spheniscidae) procedentes de la Formación Bahía Inglesa (Mioceno Medio-Tardío), Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 78. 489–495. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Chávez Hoffmeister, Martín Felipe. 2008. La ornitofauna de la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Caldera, Chile (MSc. thesis), 1–165. Universidad Austral de Chile. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Chávez, Martín F. 2007. Sobre la presencia de Paraptenodytes y Palaeospheniscus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 80. 255–259. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Chávez, Martín. 2007. Spheniscus megaramphus Stucchi et al. 2003 (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile. Boletín Sociedad Geológica del Perú 102. 101–107. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Luciano Achurra; Álvaro Henríquez; Catalina Carreño; Huber Rivera; Mario E. Suárez; Scott E. Ishman; Nicholas D. Pyenson, and Carolina S. Gutstein. 2016. Oroclinal bending of the Juan Fernández Ridge suggested by geohistory analysis of the Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile. Sedimentary Geology 333. 32–49. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Luciano Achurra; Álvaro Henríquez; Catalina Carreño, and Huber Rivera. 2015. Lithostratigraphy, depositional environments and tectonic setting of the Bahía Inglesa Formation west of Copiapó, north-central Chile, 821–824. XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Oyanadel Urbina, Pablo; Jorge Carrillo Briceño; Jaime Villafaña; Victor Castelleto; Cristian Varas; Alex Alballay, and Marcelo Rivadeneira. 2015. Nuevo registro de familias de peces óseos en Formación Bahía Inglesa, 1–4. XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Staig, Felipe; Sebastián Hernández; Patricio López; Jaime A. Villafaña; Cristian Varas; Luis Patricio Soto, and Jorge D. Carrillo Briceño. 2015. Late Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the Coquimbo Formation, Chile. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 18. 261–272. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Suárez, Mario E. 2011. Línea de base paleontológica proyecto Puerto Santa Fe, 1–29. Comuna de Caldera Región de Atacama. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Valenzuela Toro, Ana, and Carolina S. Gutstein. s.a. Mamíferos marinos fósiles (excepto Cetacea) de Formación Bahía Inglesa: Registro, implicancias paleoambientales y perspectivas de estudio. . .. 770–772. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Caleta Herradura Formation
- Di Celma, Claudio, and Gino Cantalamessa. 2007. Sedimentology and high-frequency sequence stratigraphy of a forearc extensional basin: The Miocene Caleta Herradura Formation, Mejillones Peninsula, northern Chile. Sedimentary Geology 198. 29–52
- Chíu-Chíu Formation
- López Mendoza, Patricio; Osvaldo Rojas; Pablo Mansilla; Luis Olivares, and Ismael Martínez. 2010. Mamíferos extintos del Pleistoceno de la Cuenca de Calama (Segunda Región, Chile). Viejas colecciones y nuevos hallazgos. Treballs del Museo Geológico de Barcelona 17. 11–25. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Chucal Formation
- Croft, Darin A.; John J. Flynn, and André R. Wyss. 2007. A new basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21. 781–797. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Coquimbo Formation
- Le Roux, J.P.; Danisa M. Olivares; Sven N. Nielsen; Norman D. Smith; Heather Middleton; Juliane Fenner, and Scott E. Ishman. 2006. Bay sedimentation as controlled by regional crustal behaviour, local tectonics and eustatic sea-level changes: Coquimbo Formation (Miocene–Pliocene), Bay of Tongoy, central Chile. Sedimentary Geology 184. 133–153. Accessed 2018-05-20.
- Cura-Mallín Formation
- Flynn, John .J.; Reynaldo Charrier; Darin A. Croft; Phillip B. Gans; Trystan M. Herriott; Jill A. Wertheim, and André R. Wyss. 2008. Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 26. 412–423. Accessed 2017-10-20.
- Utgé, Silvana; Andrés Folguera; Vanesa Litvak, and Víctor A. Ramos. 2009. Geología del sector norte de la Cuenca de Cura Mallín en las Lagunas de Epulaufquen, Neuquén. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 64. 231–248. Accessed 2017-10-01.
- Horcón Formation
- Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Gerardo González Barba; Mauricio F. Landaeta, and Sven N. Nielsen. 2013. Condrictios fósiles del Plioceno Superior de la Formación Horcón, Región de Valparaíso, Chile central. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 86. 191–206. Accessed 2017-10-24.
- Huaylas Formation
- García, Marcelo; Gérard Herail, and Reynaldo Charrier. 1999. Age and structure of the Oxaya Anticline: A major feature of the Miocene compressive structures of northernmost Chile, 249–252. Fourth ISAG conference, Goettingen, Germany. Accessed 2018-09-04.
- Navidad Formation
- Finger, Kenneth L.; Sven N. Nielsen; Thomas J. DeVries; Alfonso Encinas, and Dawn E. Peterson. 2007. Paleontologic evidence for sedimentary displacement in Neogene forearc basins of central Chile. PALAIOS 22. 3–16. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- La Portada Formation
- Chávez, Martín F.. 2008. Los pingüinos fósiles de Sudamérica, 116–120. I Simposio - Paleontología Chile - 2008. Accessed 2018-05-20.
- Río Baguales Formation
- Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Jacqueline Puratich; F. Amaro Mourgues; José Luis Oyarzún; Rodrigo A. Otero; Teresa Torres, and Francisco Hervé. 2010. Estuary deposits in the Río Baguales Formation (Chattian-Aquitanean), Magallanes Province, Chile. Andean Geology 37. 329–344. Accessed 2017-10-25.
- Río Frías Formation
- Bellosi, Eduardo S. et al. 2014. Ambientes asociados a la fauna Friasense (Mioceno Medio) en Alto río Cisnes (Aysén, Chile), 40–41. XIV Reuñión Argentina de Sedimentología. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Bostelmann, J.E. et al. 2012. The Alto Río Cisnes Fossil Fauna (Río Frías Formation, Early-Middle Miocene, Friasian SALMA): A keystone and paradigmatic vertebrate assemblage of the South American Fossil Record, 44–45. III Simposio Paleontología en Chile. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Marshall, Larry G.. 1990. Fossil Marsupialia from the type Friasian land mammal age (Miocene), Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile. Revista Geológica de Chile 17. 19–55. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Marshall, Larry G., and Patricia Salinas. 1990. Stratigraphy of the Río Frías Formation (Miocene) along the Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile. Revista Geológica de Chile 17. 57–87. Accessed 2017-10-21.
Colombia
- Altiplano Cundiboyacense
- Acosta Garay, Jorge E., and Carlos E. Ulloa Melo. 2002. Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa, 1–108. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Amaya, Erika; Jorge Mariño, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2010. Litofacies y ambientes de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas en al parte central de la Cordillera Oriental - implicaciones paleogeográficas. Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 32. _. Accessed 2017-03-16.
- Bayona, Germán; Omar Montenegro; Agustín Cardona; Carlos Jaramillo; Felipe Lamus; Sara Morón; Luiz Quiroz; María C. Ruíz, and Victor Valencia & Mauricio Parra. 2010. Estratigrafía, procedencia, subsidencia y exhumación de las unidades paleógenas en el Sinclinal de Usme, sur de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental - Stratigraphy, provenance, subsidence and exhumation of the Paleogene succession in the Usme Syncline, southern axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera. Geología Colombiana 35. 5–35. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Edwin Cadena; Alexander Hastings; Aldo F. Rincón, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2008. Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting. _. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Cadena, Edwin A. 2014. The fossil record of turtles in Colombia; a review of the discoveries, research and future challenges. Acta Biológica Colombiana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia 19. 333–339. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo. 1992. Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, 1–20. Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros.
- Head, Jason J.; Jonathan Ivan Bloch; Aldo F. Rincón, and Jorge W. Moreno Bernal. 2012. Paleogene Squamates from the Northern neotropics: Ecological Implications and Biogeographic Histories (Abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 72nd Annual Meeting of the Society of vertebrate Paleontology, At Raleigh, North Carolina. _. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Head, Jason J.; Jonathan Ivan Bloch; Aldo F. Rincón; Jason R. Bourque, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2011. An enigmatic derived snake from the earliest Eocene of equatorial South America (Abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. _. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Herrera, Fabiany; Steven R. Manchester; Mónica R. Carvalho; Carlos Jaramillo, and Scott L. Wings. 2014. Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests. Acta Paleobotanica 54. 197–229. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.
- Villarroel, Carlos; Ana Elena Concha, and Carlos Macía. 2001. El Lago Pleistoceno de Soatá (Boyacá, Colombia): Consideraciones estratigráficas, paleontológicas y paleoecológicas. Geología Colombiana 26. 79–93
- Villarroel A., Carlos. 1987. Características y afinadas de Etayoa n. gen., tipo de una nueva familia de Xenungulata (Mammalia) del Paleoceno Medio (?) de Colombia. Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 19. 241–254. Accessed 2017-03-29.
- Cesar-Ranchería Basin
- Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina. 2009. Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc.), 1–255. Universidad Simón Bolívar. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Daniel T. Ksepka; Carlos A. Jaramillo, and Jonathan I. Bloch. 2012a. New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10. 313–331. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Jonathan I. Bloch, and Carlos A. Jaramillo. 2012b. New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia. Journal of Paleontology 86. 688–698. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Jonathan I. Bloch, and Carlos A. Jaramillo. 2010. New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30. 367–382. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Hastings, Alexander K.; Jonathan I. Bloch, and Carlos A. Jaramillo. 2014. A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia. Historical Biology 27. 998–1020. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Hastings, Alexander K.; Jonathan I. Bloch, and Carlos A. Jaramillo. 2011. A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae. Palaeontology 54. 1095–1116. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Head, J.J.; J.I. Bloch; A.K. Hastings; J.R. Bourque; E.A. Cadena; F.A. Herrera; P.D. Polly, and C.A. Jaramillo. 2009. Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature 457. 715–718. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Herrera, Fabiany A.; Carlos A. Jaramillo; David L. Dilcher; Scott L. Wing, and Carolina Gómez N. 2008. Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia. American Journal of Botany 95. 1569–1583. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Germán Bayona; Andres Pardo Trujillo; Milton Rueda; Vladimir Torres; Guy J. Harrington, and Germán Mora. 2007. The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia. Palynology 31. 153–189. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina, and Carlos Alberto Sánchez Quiñónez. 2013. Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo. Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 35. 67–80. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Wing, Scott L.; Fabiany Herrera; Carlos A. Jaramillo; Carolina Gómez Navarro; Peter Wilf, and Conrad C. Labandeira. 2009. Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106. 18627–18632. Accessed 2017-06-14.
- Cocinetas Basin
- Amson, Eli; Juan D. Carrillo, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2016. Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange. Palaeontology _. 1–20. Accessed 2017-03-31.
- Cadena, Edwin, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia. Ameghiniana 52. 188–203. Accessed 2017-08-08.
- Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Thodoris Argyriou; Vladimir Zapata; René Kindlimann, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2016. A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia. Ameghiniana 53. 77–99. Accessed 2017-08-08.
- Hendy, Austin J.W.; Douglas S. Jones; Federico Moreno; Vladimir Zapata, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 134. 45–75. Accessed 2017-08-08.
- Moreno, F.; A.J.W. Hendy; L. Quiroz; N. Hoyos; D.S. Jones; V. Zapata; S. Zapata; G.A. Ballen, and Edwin Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo. 2015. Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 134. 5–43. Accessed 2017-08-08.
- Moreno Bernal, Jorge W. 2014. Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America, 1–66. University of Nebraska. Accessed 2017-08-08.
- Pérez, María E.; María C. Vallejo Pareja; Juan D. Carrillo, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2017. A New Pliocene Capybara (Rodentia, Caviidae) from Northern South America (Guajira, Colombia), and its Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24. 111–125. Accessed 2017-04-04.
- Barzalosa Formation
- Acosta, Jorge E.; Rafael Guatame; Juan Carlos Caicedo A., and Jorge Ignacio Cárdenas. 2002. Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, 1–92. INGEOMINAS.
- Gualanday Group
- Billet, Guillaume; Maëva Orliac; Pierre-Olivier Antoine, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2010. New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria, Mammalia) from Colombia. Palaeontology 59. 319–325. Accessed 2017-05-17.
- Honda Group
- Cadena, Edwin; Carlos Jaramillo, and María E. Páramo. 2008. New material of Chelus colombiana (Testudines; Pleurodira) from the Lower Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28. 1206–1212. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Croft, Darin A. 2007. The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates. Palaeontology 50. 277–303. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Czaplewski, Nicolas J.; Masanaru Takai; Tiffany M. Naeher; Nobuo Shigehara, and Takeshi Setoguchi. 2003. Additional bats from the middle Miocene La Venta fauna of Colombia. Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales XXVII. 263–282. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Defler, Thomas. 2004. Historia natural de los primates colombianos, 1–613. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Estes, Richard, and Richard Wassersug. 1963. A Miocene toad from Colombia, South America. Breviora 193. 1–13. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- De la Fuente, Marcelo; Juliana Sterli, and Ignacio Maniel. 2013. Origin, Evolution and Biogeographic History of South American Turtles, 1–168. Springer Science & Business Media. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Hoffstetter, Robert. 1971. Los vertebrados cenozóicos de Colombia: yacimientos, faunas, problemas planteados, 37–62. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Hsiou, Annie S.; Adriana M. Albino, and Jorge Ferigolo. 2010. Reappraisal of the south American Miocene snakes of the genus Colombophis, with description of a new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55. 365–379
- Kay, Richard F., and Richard H. Madden. 1997. Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at La Venta (Colombia, South America). Journal of Human Evolution 32. 161–199. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Lundberg, John G., and Barry Chernoff. 1992. A Miocene Fossil of the Amazonian Fish Arapaima (Teleostei, Arampaimidae) from the Magdalena River Region of Colombia - Biogeographic and Evolutionary Implications. Biotropica 24. 2–16. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Marshall, Larry G. 1976. New Didelphine Marsupials from the La Venta Fauna (Miocene) of Colombia, South America. Journal of Paleontology 50. 402–418. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Meldrum, D.J., and R.F. Kay. 1997. Nuciruptor rubricae, a new pitheciin seed predator from the Miocene of Colombia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102. 407–427. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Miller, Alden H. 1953. A fossil Hoatzin from the Miocene of Colombia. Auk 70. 484–495. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Organ, Jason M., and Pierre Lemelin. 2011. Tail Architecture and Function of Cebupithecia sarmientoi, a Middle Miocene Platyrrhine from La Venta, Colombia. The Anatomical Record 294.12. 2013–2023
- Pardo Jaramillo, Mauricio. 2010. Reporte de un nuevo ejemplar de Granastrapotherium snorki en el Valle Superior del Magdalena, Desierto de la Tatacoa, Huila. Colombia. Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales 34. 253–256. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Rasmussen, Tab. 1997. Vertebrate paleontology in the neotropics - the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, _. Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Rosenberger, A.L.; T. Setoguchi, and W.C. Hartwig. 1991. Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88. 2137–2140
- Setoguchi, Takeshi, and Alfred L. Rosenberger. 1988. A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia. Kyoto University overseas research reports of New World monkeys 6. 1–6. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Setoguchi, T. 1985. Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America. Folia Primatol 44. 96–101. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Suárez, Catalina; Analía M. Forasiepi; Franciso J. Goin, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2015. Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1029581. 1–10. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Takai, Masanaru; Federico Anaya; Hisashi Suzuki; Nobuo Shigehara, and Takeshi Setoguchi. 2001. A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae. Anthropological Science, Tokyo 109.4. 289
- Takai, Masanaru; Takeshi Setoguchi; Carlos Villarroel A.; Alberto Cadena G., and Nobuo Shigehara. 1991. A New Miocene Molossid Bat from La Venta, Colombia, South America. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of geology and mineralogy 56. 1–9. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Tejedor, Marcelo F. 2013. Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini. Revista del Museo de La Plata 20. 20–39. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Vallejo Pareja, M.C.; J.D. Carrillo; J.W. Moreno Bernal; M. Pardo Jaramillo; D.F. Rodríguez González, and J. Muñoz Duran. 2015. Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich _. 1–14. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Villarroel A., Carlos S. 2000. Un nuevo Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) en la Fauna de La Venta, Mioceno de Colombia: el estado actual de la Familia Orophodontidae. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales 24. 117–127. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Villarroel A., Carlos S. 1997. La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia. Geología Colombiana 22. 139–149. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Villarroel A., Carlos; Takeshi Setoguchi; Jorge Brieva, and Carlos Macia. 1996. Geology of the La Tatacoa "Desert" (Huila, Colombia): Precisions on the Stratigraphy of the Honda Group, the Evolution of the "Pata High" and the Presence of the La Venta Fauna. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of geology and mineralogy 58. 41–66. Accessed 2017-05-04.
- Wheeler, Brandon. 2010. Community ecology of the Middle Miocene primates of La Venta, Colombia: the relationship between ecological diversity, divergence time, and phylogenetic richness. Primates 51.2. 131–138
Ecuador
- Biblián Formation
- Veintimilla González, Liliana Alexandra. 2015. Solución geológica, geotécnica, hidrológica, hidráulica y estructural de la alcantarilla que sirve a la autopista Cuenca-Azogues, Abscisa km. 4+667 (thesis), 1–111. Universidad de Cuenca. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Dos Bocas Formation
- Lorenzo, Erica; Wladimir Andrés Roca Beltrán; Manuel Martínez; Antonio Morato; Paulo César Escandón Panchana, and Cristian Paul Álvarez Domínguez. 2018. Correlación geoquímica entre crudos y rocas del sistema petrolero de la península de Santa Elena y el golfo de Guayaquil. Boletín de Geología 40. 31–42. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Juan Abella; Gabriel Aguirre Fernández; María Gregori, and R. Ewan Fordyce. 2017. A new tropical Oligocene dolphin from Montañita/Olón, Santa Elena, Ecuador. PLoS ONE 12. e0188380. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Letrero Formation
- Romero Carrasco, Ana Iveth. 2017. Marcas de herbivoría en hojas fósiles de las cuencas miocénicas del sur del Ecuador (BSc. thesis), 1–39. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Onzole Formation
- Ramírez Parrales, María Fernanda. 2013. Registros de la deformación y del volcanismo en el dominio del antearco ecuatoriano: sedimentología y bioestratigrafía de la Formación Borbón (thesis), 1–202. Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral. Accessed 2018-09-12.
- Seca Formation
- Lorenzo, Erica et al. 2018. Correlación geoquímica entre crudos y rocas del sistema petrolero de la península de Santa Elena y el golfo de Guayaquil. Boletín de Geología 40. 31–42. Accessed 2018-09-11.
Paraguay
- Chaco Formation
- Filí, M.F. 2001. Síntesis Geológica e Hidrogeológica del noroeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos - República Argentina. Boletín Geológico y Minero 112. 25–36. Accessed 2018-09-03.
- Various, Authors. 1986. Mapa Geológico del Paraguay - Proyecto PAR 86 - Escala 1:1,000,000 - Texto explicativo, 1–62. _. Accessed 2018-09-03.
Peru
- Peruvian Amazon
- Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; M. Alejandra Abello; Sylvain Adnet; Ali J. Altamirano Sierra; Patrice Baby; Guillaume Billet; Myriam Boivin; Ysabel Calderón, and Adriana Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi. 2016. A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru. Gondwana Research 31. 30–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Castro Medina, Walter Fidel. 2010. Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas, 1–76. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Accessed 2018-09-04.
- Sechura Basin
- Córdova Aguilar, Arturo. 2009. Proyecto: "desarrollo de capacidades para una propuesta de zoneamiento ecológico económica (ZEE) para el ordenamiento territorial del Departamento de Piura" - área: Geología y potencial de recursos mineros, 1–83. Ministry of Environment, Peru. Accessed 2018-09-11.
- Chilcatay Formation
- De la Cruz, Aldo Alván. 2008. Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú). Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 11. 51–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Chota Formation
- Chacaltana, César; Alexandra Lucytania Benites Cañote; Waldir Valdivia, and Marco Chumpitaz. 2014. La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, 1–4. Congreso Peruano de Geología. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Iñapari Formation
- Frailey, Carl D. 1986. Late Miocene and Holocene mammals, exclusive of the Notoungulata, of the Rio Acre Region, western Amazonia. Contributions in Science 374. 1–46. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- De Iullis, Gerardo; Timothy J. Gaudin, and Matthew J. Vicars. 2011. A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the Late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01001.x 54. 171–205
- Mogollón Formation
- Quispe Alcalá, David Ricardo. 2010. Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis), 1–87. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Accessed 2017-10-18.
- Moquegua Formation
- Alván, Aldo; Katerin Ramírez; Hilmar von Eynatten; István Dunkl; Javier Jacay, and Gabriela Bertone. 2017. Evolución Geológica de las Cuencas de Antearco del Sur de Perú (Moquegua y Camaná-Mollendo): Proveniencia Sedimentaria y Análisis de Facies en Rocas Cenozoicas. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú 112. 53–77. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Muñani Formation
- Gelfo, Javier N., and Bernard Sigé. 2011. A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56. 665–678. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Paracas Formation
- Clarke, Julia A.; Daniel T. Ksepka; Marcelo Stucchi; Mario Urbina; Norberto Giannini; Sara Bertelli; Yanina Narváez, and Clint A. Boyd. 2007. Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104. 11545–11550. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Pisco Formation
- Altamirano Sierra, Alí J. 2013. Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru. Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines, 42. 1–12. Accessed 2017-09-04.
- Báez Gómez, Diego A. 2006. Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje. Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG 9. 64–69. Accessed 2017-09-04.
- Brand, Leonard; Mario Urbina; Arthur Chadwick; Thomas J. DeVries, and Raul Esperante. 2011. A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 31. 414–425. Accessed 2017-10-01.
- Poma Porras, Orlando; Edgard Horna Santillán, and Raúl Esperante. 2009. Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú. Revista de Investigación Universitaria 1. 84–97. Accessed 2017-09-04.
- Solís Mundaca, Flavio Alejandro. 2018. Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis), 1–158. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Stucchi, M. 2007. Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú. 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 8. 367–373. Accessed 2017-09-04.
- Soncco Formation
- Carlotto, Víctor. 2016. Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco, 521–524. XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Yahuarango Formation
- Campbell, K.E.; C.D. Frailey, and L. Romero Pittman. 2004. The Paleogene Santa Rosa Local Fauna of Amazonian Perú: Geographic and Geologic Setting. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 40. 1–164
Uruguay
- Camacho Formation
- Fernicola, Juan C.; Andrés Rinderknecht; Washington Jones; Sergio F. Vizcaíno, and Kleberson Propino. 2018. A new species of Neoglyptatelus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the late Miocene of Uruguay provides new insights on the evolution of the dorsal armor in cingulates. Ameghiniana 55. 233–252. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Rinderknecht, Andrés. 2011. Estudio sobre los roedores gigantes del Uruguay, Departamento de San José (Mioceno tardío-Pliocene) y sus implicancias para la sistemática y taxonomía de la familia Dinomyidae (Mammalia, Rodentia), 1–101. Universidad de la República. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Verde, Mariano. 2002. Icnología de la formación Camacho (Mioceno tardío) del Uruguay (MSc. thesis), 1–125. Universidad de la República. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Dolores Formation
- Alberdi, María Teresa; José Luis Prado; Daniel Perea, and Martín Ubilla. 2007. Stegomastodon waringi (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Late Pleistocene of northeastern Uruguay. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 243. 179–189. Accessed 2017-05-07.
- Alvarenga, Herculano; Washington Jones, and Andrés Rinderknecht. 2010. The youngest record of phorusrhacid birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay. Neues Jahrbuch der Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen 256. 229–234. Accessed 2018-09-10.
- Gutiérrez, Mercedes; José Luis Prado; Daniel Perea, and Martín Ubilla. 2005. Late Pleistocene Stegomastodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Uruguay. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 11. 641–662. Accessed 2017-05-07.
- Fray Bentos Formation
- Bond, Mariano; Guillermo López; Marcelo A. Reguero; Gustavo J. Scillato Yané, and María G. Vucetich. 1998. Los mamíferos de la Formación Fray Bentos (Edad mamífero Deseadense, Oligoceno Superior) de las provincias de Corrientes y Entre Ríos, Argentina. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial 5. 41–50. Accessed 2018-09-12.
- Tófalo, Ofelia Rita, and Héctor J.M. Morrás. 2009. Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina . 674–686. Accessed 2018-09-12.
- Raigón Formation
- Tófalo, Ofelia Rita, and Héctor J.M. Morrás. 2009. Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina . 674–686. Accessed 2018-09-12.
Venezuela
- Chaguaramas Formation
- Horovitz, Inés, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2012. El Registro Fósil del Cenozoico, 133–156. Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Parángula Formation
- Paolillo, Alfredo, and Omar J. Linares. 2007. Nuevos cocodrilos Sebecosuchia del Cenozoico suramericano (Mesosuchia: Crocodylia). Paleobiología Neotropical 03. 1–25. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Falcón Basin
- Cantaure & Paraguaná Formations
- Mendi, David, and Eliana Rodríguez. 2005. Integración geológica de la Península de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón (MSc thesis), 1–184. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Accessed 2017-10-26.
- Capadare Formation
- Penín Cendón, José Antonio, and Vanessa Ilia Villarroel Estaba. 2005. Integracrón y actualización geológica del área de Jacura y Capadare, Estado Falcón, 1–199. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Castillo Formation
- Johnson, Kenneth G.; Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra, and Orangel A. Aguilera. 2009. The Oligocene-Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón Basin (NW Venezuela). PALAIOS 24. 59–69. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Rincón, Ascanio D.; Andrés Solórzano; Mouloud Benammi; Patrick Vignaud, and H. Gregory McDonald. 2014. Chronology and geology of an Early Miocene mammalian assemblage in North of South America, from Cerro La Cruz (Castillo Formation), Lara State, Venezuela: implications in the 'changing course of Orinoco River' hypothesis. Andean Geology 41. 507–528. Accessed 2018-09-07.
- Solórzano, Andrés; Ascanio D. Rincón; Giovanne M. Cidade; Mónica Núñez Flores, and Leonardo Sánchez. 2018. Lower Miocene alligatoroids (Crocodylia) from the Castillo Formation, northwest of Venezuela. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments _. 1–19. Accessed 2018-09-07.
- Urbani, Franco, and David Mendi. 2010. Notas sobre la discordancia del margen sur de la cuenca Oligo-Miocena de Falcón estados Lara, Falcón y Yaracuy, Venezuela. Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales LXX. 9–25. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- San Gregorio Formation
- Castro, Mariela C.; Alfredo A. Carlini; Rodolfo Sánchez, and Marcelo R. Sánchez Villagra. 2014. A new Dasypodini armadillo (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from San Gregorio Formation, Pliocene of Venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations. Naturwissenschaften .. 1–10. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Santa Inés Formation
- Simpson, George Gaylord. 1947. A Miocene glyptodont from Venezuela. American Museum Novitates 1368. 1–10. Accessed 2018-10-01.
- Urumaco, Socorro & Codore Formations
- Linares, Omar J. 2004. Bioestratigrafía de la fauna de mamíferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Temprano) de la región de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela. Paleobiología Neotropical 1. 1–26. Accessed 2017-08-15.
- Quijano Ballesteros, Jhon Richard. 2005. Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis), 1–92. Universidad Simón Bolívar. Accessed 2017-10-27.
Further reading
- Prado, José Luis, and María Teresa Alberdi. 2017. Fossil Horses of South America: Phylogeny, Systemics and Ecology, 1–150. Springer ISBN 9783319558776. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Croft, Darin A. 2016. Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America, 1–320. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253020949. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Fariña, Richard A.; Sergio F. Vizcaíno, and Gerry De Iuliis. 2013. Megafauna: Giant Beasts of Pleistocene South America, 1–448. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253007193. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Fleagle, John G., and Alfred L. Rosenberger. 2013. The Platyrrhine Fossil Record, 1–256. Elsevier ISBN 9781483267074. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Tambussi, Claudia P., and Federico Degrange. 2012. South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, 1–113. Springer ISBN 9789400754676. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Richard F. Kay, and Susana Bargo. 2012. Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 1–370. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521194617. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Madden, Richard H. 2010. The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change Through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 1–448. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521872416. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R.; Orangel A. Aguilera, and Alfredo A. Carlini. 2010. Urumaco and Venezuelan Paleontology: The Fossil Record of the Northern Neotropics, 1–304. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253002006. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Croft, Darin A.; John J. Flynn, and André R. Wyss. 2004. Notoungulata and Litopterna of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, Northern Chile. Fieldiana Geology 50. 1–52. Accessed 2018-09-29.
- Hartwig, W.C., and D.J. Meldrum. 2002. The Primate Fossil Record - Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics, 175–188. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2. Accessed 2017-09-24.
- Kay, Richard F.; Richard H. Madden; John J. Flynn, and Richard L. Cifelli. 1997. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia, 1–608. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press ISBN 9781935623854. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Simpson, George Gaylord. 1996. Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, 1–275. UMI ISBN 9780783733111. Accessed 2017-10-21.
- Pascual, Rosendo; Enrique J. Ortega Hinjosoa; Dolores Gondar, and Eduardo Tonni. 1965. Las edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la Argentina, con especial atención a aquellas del territorio bonaerense. Anales C.I.C. _. 165–193. Accessed 2018-09-10.
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- ↑ Flynn & Swisher, 1995
- ↑ Darin A. Croft - South American Fossil Mammals
- ↑ Blasi et al., 2010, p.88
- ↑ Fucks et al., 2011, p.110
- ↑ Quebrada Agua Blanca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mapa Geológico del Paraguay, 1986, p.42
- ↑ Filí, 2001, p.28
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 López Mendoza et al, 2010, p.22
- ↑ Alvarenga et al., 2010, p.230
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.89
- ↑ Zurita et al., 2009, p.279
- ↑ Soibelzon et al., 2010, p.315
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.30
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.74
- ↑ Frailey, 1986, p.4
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.643
- ↑ Pardiñas & Galliari, 1998, p.18
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.75
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.72
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.143
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.76
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 2001, p.90
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.642
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
- ↑ Kerber et al., 2014, p.250
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.639
- ↑ Tonni et al., 1999, p.277
- ↑ Picasso & Degrange, 2009, p.429
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.640
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Reguero & Candela, 2008, p.291
- ↑ Franco et al., 2013, p.41
- ↑ Erra et al., 2016, p.65
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 Le Roux et al., 2016, p.46
- ↑ Renner & Velasco, 2000, p.26
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Castro et al., 2014, p.5
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.69
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 Moreno et al., 2015, p.7
- ↑ Olivares et al., 2012, p.200
- ↑ Elissamburu et al., 2011, p.228
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.257
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Muruaga, 2001, p.30
- ↑ Zamorano, 2013, p.284
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.67
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 Le Roux et al., 2006, p.49
- ↑ Carillo Briceño et al., 2013, p.194
- ↑ Chávez, 2008
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 47.6 Brand et al., 2011
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.14
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 Cerdeño et al., 2008, p.225
- ↑ Ciccioli, 2017, p.72
- ↑ Agnolin et al., 2014, p.20
- ↑ Albino et al., 2009, p.79
- ↑ Bogan & Agnolin, 2009, p.193
- ↑ Di Celma & Cantalamessa, 2007
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Quijano Ballesteros, 2005, p.19
- ↑ Bonini, 2014, p.58
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.7 57.8 57.9 Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Castro Medina, 2010, p.58
- ↑ Romero Carrasco, 2017, p.8
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.65
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Finger et al., 2007, p.13
- ↑ Ramírez Parrales, 2013, p.52
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Reguero et al., 2015, p.60
- ↑ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.19
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Cione et al., 2005, p.57
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.683
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 Pérez, 2012, p.11
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 Cozzuol, 2006, p.190
- ↑ Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.136
- ↑ Garrido et al., 2017, p.54
- ↑ Verde, 2002, p.21
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Goin et al., 2000, p.101
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Verzi et al., 2008, p.146
- ↑ Morton & Herbst, s.a., p.1
- ↑ Morton & Herbst, 2007, p.154
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 García López & Barbot, 2015, p.315
- ↑ Franco et al., 2013, p.44
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 78.4 Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
- ↑ Pujos et al., 2012, p.2
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.4 80.5 80.6 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.636
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.26
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.637
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Martín Pérez, 2013, p.51
- ↑ Brea et al., 2013, p.28
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 85.5 Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
- ↑ González & Abascal, 2012, p.129
- ↑ Baldellón et al., 1994, p.241
- ↑ Brandoni et al., 2012, p.10
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 Linares, 2004, p.16
- ↑ Deschamps et al., 2009, p.296
- ↑ Ecosteguy et al., 2003
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 92.4 92.5 Reichler, 2010, p.181
- ↑ García et al., 1999, p.251
- ↑ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2007, p.301
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 Hernández et al., 2002, p.5
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.54
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.635
- ↑ Penín & Villarroel, 2005, p.138
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.3 99.4 Utgé et al., 2009
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.3 Cerdeño & Guiomar, M2007, p.201
- ↑ Simpson, 1947, p.2
- ↑ Linares, 2004, p.5
- ↑ Escostegui & Franchi, 2010, p.422
- ↑ Dalla Salda & Franzese, 1987, p.7
- ↑ Marshall, 1990
- ↑ Marshall & Salinas, 1990
- ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 107.4 De la Cruz, 2008, p.53
- ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13
- ↑ Paolillo & Linares, 2007, p.2
- ↑ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2018, p.442
- ↑ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2013, p.491
- ↑ Vizcaíno et al., 2012
- ↑ 113.0 113.1 113.2 113.3 Pérez Panera, 2010, p.52
- ↑ Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.149
- ↑ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.20
- ↑ 116.0 116.1 Dal Molín & Colombo, 2003, p.140
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 Horovitz & Sánchez Villagra, 2012, p.145
- ↑ Croft et al., 2007, p.781
- ↑ Kramarz, 2001, p.10
- ↑ 120.0 120.1 120.2 120.3 120.4 120.5 Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
- ↑ 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 Godoy et al., 2012
- ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.3 Muñoz et al., 2006
- ↑ Veintimilla González, 2015, p.47
- ↑ Kramarz et al., 2005
- ↑ Kramarz et al., 2005, p.288
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 Acosta Hospitaleche, 2007, p.419
- ↑ 127.0 127.1 Náñez et al., 2009
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.24
- ↑ De Araújo et al., 2010, p.207
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 130.3 130.4 130.5 Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.27
- ↑ Combina & Nullo, 2011, p.201
- ↑ Acosta et al., 2002, p.49
- ↑ Johnson, 2009, p.60
- ↑ Castro Medina, 2010, p.55
- ↑ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.41
- ↑ Bond et al., 1998, p.42
- ↑ Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.680
- ↑ Billet et al., 2008, p.153
- ↑ Le Roux et al., 2010, p.332
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 Conoce Nuestra Biodiversidad - Salla
- ↑ Reguero & Cerdeño, 2005, p.674
- ↑ Do Couto Ribeiro, 2010, p.88
- ↑ Alván et al., 2017, p.56
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 145.2 145.3 145.4 145.5 145.6 145.7 Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
- ↑ 146.0 146.1 146.2 146.3 146.4 146.5 146.6 146.7 146.8 Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
- ↑ Castro Medina, 2010, p.56
- ↑ Gonçalves Pereira, 2015, p.124
- ↑ Billet et al., 2010
- ↑ Vizan et al., 2013
- ↑ 151.0 151.1 Otero et al., 2012
- ↑ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.12
- ↑ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.34
- ↑ 154.0 154.1 154.2 Carlotto, 2016, p.522
- ↑ Cerdeño & Guiomar, M2007, p.200
- ↑ 156.0 156.1 Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6
- ↑ 157.0 157.1 Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545
- ↑ 158.0 158.1 Castro Medina, 2010, p.54
- ↑ 159.0 159.1 159.2 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.64
- ↑ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.11
- ↑ Ciancio et al., 2016, p.577
- ↑ López & Bond, 1995, p.92
- ↑ 163.0 163.1 Wilf et al., 2005, p.634
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 Shelania at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Campbell et al., 2014, p.13
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.252
- ↑ 167.0 167.1 167.2 167.3 Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
- ↑ 168.0 168.1 168.2 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.633
- ↑ Mendes et al., 2015, p.28
- ↑ Sedor et al., 2017, p.39
- ↑ Escostegui & Franchi, 2010, p.420
- ↑ Del Papa, 2006, p.314
- ↑ 173.0 173.1 173.2 Narváez, 2009, p.24
- ↑ Del Papa et al., 2013, p.59
- ↑ Payrola Bosio et al., 2010, p.312
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.240
- ↑ Scarfati et al., 2009, p.36
- ↑ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.57
- ↑ 179.0 179.1 Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251
- ↑ 180.0 180.1 Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21
- ↑ 181.0 181.1 Gelfo & Goin, 2011
- ↑ 182.0 182.1 182.2 182.3 182.4 182.5 Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
- ↑ 183.0 183.1 Pol & Powell, 2011, S9
- ↑ 184.0 184.1 Oliveira & Goin, 2011
- ↑ 185.0 185.1 Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249
- ↑ Sánchez & Marquillas, 2010, p.389
- ↑ 188.0 188.1 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
- ↑ 189.0 189.1 Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
- ↑ Goin et al., 2006
- ↑ Carvalho et al., 2016, p.493
- ↑ Arroyo Tapalque at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paso Otero-Pardo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paso Otero-Verde at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 195.0 195.1 Luján at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Laguna Las Encadenadas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quequén Salado - Indio Rico at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.636-637
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.899
- ↑ Salado River, General Belgrano at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Chumbiada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Plata (Ensenada) at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 203.0 203.1 Graxaim at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 204.0 204.1 El Breal de Orocual at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Breal de Orocual2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 206.0 206.1 900 m SW of Punta Hermengo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 207.0 207.1 207.2 Tarija at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tarija-1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Upper Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Baliza Chica at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.631-632
- ↑ Arroyo Toropi-Level 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.93
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.83
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.84
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.86
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.88
- ↑ Estación Anchorena at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Middle Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Charana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Jalquincha 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Left bank of La Ensenada Creek at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ East Yauca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 20 km west of Cochabamba at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta San Andrés at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Tarariras at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ayo Ayo tuff at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Loberia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 15 km N Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Yauca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tonni & Noriega, 1996
- ↑ Daza et al., 2012
- ↑ Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajada las Palomas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ First point north of Barranca de los Lobos, level III-IV at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Martinez de Hoz, level III at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ First bajada north of Canada Chapar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Diamente Department at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 239.0 239.1 Los Sauces River at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cantera Díaz Nogarol at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vergel Member at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Kiyu at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sierra de Los Colorados at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Toro Negro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Lower Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 246.00 246.01 246.02 246.03 246.04 246.05 246.06 246.07 246.08 246.09 246.10 246.11 246.12 Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
- ↑ Amson et al., 2016, pp.3–15
- ↑ Pérez et al., 2017
- ↑ Norte Casa Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Police Station 470062 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Moreno et al., 2015, p.33
- ↑ 252.0 252.1 252.2 252.3 Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 253.0 253.1 253.2 Farola Monte Hermoso FI Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 254.0 254.1 Farola Monte Hermoso FM Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso St Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Fcf Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas de Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Fsc Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 260.0 260.1 Santa Maria Valley Andalhuala Fm at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 261.0 261.1 261.2 Bahia Inglesa Unit 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 262.0 262.1 262.2 Cuenca del Tiburón at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Casa el Jebe at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Meseta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Road to Tio Gregorio Locality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 4 Loc 85-FC at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mirandabradys Urumaco 03 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 1.5 km Northwest of Cerro Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Coquimbo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bahia de Guayacan at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bahia Herradura at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Corral Quemado at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ RHM Locality 4 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 275.0 275.1 El Yacural at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Remedios at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Bermeja at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo La Petra at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Arazatí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Umala, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ayo Ayo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Los Dedos, Pliocene at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cantera at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Chanaral de Aceituno at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Neocavia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ CTA-42 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ CTA-59 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tongoy area Unit 11 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Súa Member at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta la Gorda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta la Colorada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerta del Diablo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ San Carlos East at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Forasiepi et al., 2016, p.11
- ↑ 295.0 295.1 Cerro Ballena at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 296.0 296.1 Bahía Inglesa Unit 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 297.0 297.1 Caldera, Bahia Inglesa Unit 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mina Fosforita at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arazati II at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Arazati Beach at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Kiyú at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Jesus María at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Fernicola et al., 2018, p.236
- ↑ Laguna Chillhué at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo Giuliani at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Guanaco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Telen at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Chiquimil A at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Cajón Valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 310.0 310.1 310.2 310.3 Barrancas del Rio Parana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rio Parana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 312.0 312.1 Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ De Iullis et al., 2011
- ↑ 314.0 314.1 314.2 314.3 Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 315.0 315.1 315.2 Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Sánchez at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ LACM loc.6218 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ LACM 5159 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ VF2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Maimará at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Achiri at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 323.0 323.1 323.2 Quebrada Pajaritos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Muyu Huasi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro La Matanza at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Villa Urquiza at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas del Río Chico at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quehua at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arazati km 95.750 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rosa Pata at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Grünbein Cantera Seminario Level 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas de Sarmiento Level 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Caleufú at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Salicas Formation, Sierra de Velasco, La Rioja at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Degolladito - Site 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 338.0 338.1 338.2 338.3 Rio Acre at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 339.0 339.1 339.2 339.3 Niteroi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 340.0 340.1 Talismã, upper Purus River at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Patos, Rio Acre at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Patos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Campo El Mamon at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 73-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 50-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 82-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 3 Loc 26-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Valle de Santa María at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Morro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Salta, southern area of the Calchaquí Valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ South of Rio Branco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ West of El Picacho at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 4 km NE of Campo El Mamon at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barranca de Los Loros at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Bautista at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Capilla Narbona at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas de San Juan at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Ensenada valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vallecito at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Anzótegui & Horn, 2011
- ↑ Calchaquí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Calchaquí II at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ribera del Arroyo Chasicó at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas del Arroyo Chasicó at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Las Barrancas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 366.0 366.1 366.2 Arroyo Chasicó at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro La Bota at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Ullum at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Loma de Las Tapias Localidad Nº 4 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Aurinsa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 371.0 371.1 371.2 Urumaco Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 2 Loc 01-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 2 Loc 46-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tío Gregorio - brown shales at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 376.0 376.1 Tío Gregorio at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 377.0 377.1 Northwest of San Rafael at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Buenos Aires at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Hatillo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Corralito Locality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Domo de Agua Blanca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Jose la Paz site, El Picache at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Caujarao at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cantera del Puerto Viejo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Pedregoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Caragua at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 387.0 387.1 387.2 Rincón Chico at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 388.0 388.1 La Pastosa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta San Román at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa El Doradillo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Yecua at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Madryn Autodromo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Villarino at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 394.0 394.1 La Angostura, Margin of Piraí River at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tongoy area Unit 4 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Croft, 2007, p.299
- ↑ Croft, 2007, p.300
- ↑ Croft, 2007, p.301
- ↑ Croft, 2007, p.302
- ↑ Croft, 2007, p.303
- ↑ Meldrum & Kay, 1997
- ↑ Organ & Lemelin, 2011
- ↑ Rosenberger et al., 1991
- ↑ Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
- ↑ Setoguchi, 1985
- ↑ Takai et al., 2001
- ↑ Tejedor, 2013, p.22
- ↑ Defler, 2004, p.32
- ↑ Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Neosaimiri annectens at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
- ↑ Pardo Jaramillo, 2010
- ↑ Granastrapotherium snorki, Sebecus sp. at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Villarroel, 2000, p.118
- ↑ Kay & Madden, 1997, p.171
- ↑ Neonematherium flabellatum at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Brievabradys laventensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Huilabradys magdaleniensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Czaplewski et al., 2003, p.278
- ↑ Neotamandua borealis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pseudoprepotherium confusum at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Anadasypus hondanus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Boreostemma acostae at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Boreostemma gigantea at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Neoglyptatelus originalis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pedrolypeutes praecursor at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Scirrotherium hondaensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Prothoatherium colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Duke Locality 33 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Villarroelia totoyoi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Villarroel, 1997
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.63
- ↑ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.40
- ↑ Suárez et al., 2015
- ↑ Marshall, 1976
- ↑ Hondadelphys fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pachybiotherium minor at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Thylamys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Thylamys minutus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Hondathentes cazador at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pithiculites chenche at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Neoreomys huilensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Scleromys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Scleromys schurmanni at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Prodolichotis guerreroi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ UCMP V4936 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Eodolichotis elachys at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Eodolichotis maddeni at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rhodanodolichotis vucetichae at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Takai et al., 1991
- ↑ Kiotomops lopezi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Potamops mascahehenes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Thyroptera robusta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Hondalagus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Engelman et al., 2018
- ↑ 462.0 462.1 462.2 462.3 462.4 462.5 Cerro Aisol at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Choquecota at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro los Pinos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 465.0 465.1 IN-DTC-20 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ IN-DTC-28 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ IN-DTC-32 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Sepa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ SEP 005 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ IN 008 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 471.0 471.1 Pueblo Brugo to Diamante at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 472.0 472.1 472.2 CTA-45 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Banks of the Rio Guere at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Calle Fria-Segovia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 475.0 475.1 South East of 'Cerro los Chivatos' at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mirandabradys Urumaco 01 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Biozona 1 Loc 44-FU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rasmussen, 1997
- ↑ Miller, 1953
- ↑ Los Dedos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Zumbador Cave at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estes & Wassersug, 1963
- ↑ Gryposuchus colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sebecus huiensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Dracaena colombiana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Purussaurus neivensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Charactosuchus fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mourasuchus atopus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ UCMP Locality V4524 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Balanerodus logimus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Eocaiman at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cadena et al., 2008, p.1206
- ↑ De la Fuente et al., 2013, p.102
- ↑ Geochelone hesterna at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Hsiou et al., 2010
- ↑ (Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - serpientes
- ↑ IQ114 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ East of Capirote, road to Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sur Quebrada Bejucal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ (Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - flora, cangrejos y peces
- ↑ Kay & Madden, 1997, p.185
- ↑ Lundberg & Chernoff, 1992, p.5
- ↑ Brachyplatystoma promagdalena at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Socorro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Amazonian amber at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Jakokkota flora at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Toma Vieja at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 509.0 509.1 Comallo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 510.0 510.1 Estancia Campionario at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cañadon del Tordillo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ RCH 018S at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 513.0 513.1 Suárez et al., 2015, p.4
- ↑ 514.0 514.1 Amson et al., 2016, p.7
- ↑ Nazareno, Potosí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Correviento at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 517.0 517.1 517.2 517.3 Cerro Colorado Pisco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Chico Colloncuran at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pilcaniyeu Viejo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.11
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.13
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.15
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.19
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.26
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.29
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.30
- ↑ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.190
- ↑ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.194
- ↑ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.196
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.7
- ↑ 531.0 531.1 Kaitamana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Rucañanco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Buque at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Buque M11-17 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 535.0 535.1 Moreno et al., 2015, p.29
- ↑ 536.0 536.1 536.2 Hendy et al., 2015, p.52
- ↑ 537.0 537.1 537.2 Hendy et al., 2015, p.53
- ↑ 538.0 538.1 538.2 Hendy et al., 2015, p.54
- ↑ Río Frías at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Alto Río Cisnes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Moreno Bernal, 2014, pp.7–30
- ↑ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, pp.190–196
- ↑ Quebrada Socó at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 544.0 544.1 Cerro Plataforma at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Killik Aike Norte at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 546.0 546.1 Monte León at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 547.0 547.1 547.2 La Cueva at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 548.0 548.1 548.2 Santa Cruz Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Observatorio at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 550.0 550.1 Corriguen Aike at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Campo Barranca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Santa Cruz at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Coy Inlet at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Yack Harvey at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia La Peninsular at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 556.0 556.1 Punta Sur at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia La Costa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 7 or 8 miles south of Coy Inlet at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 10 miles south of Coy Inlet at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Halliday at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Gallegos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Güer Aike at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas del Río Santa Cruz at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Shehuén at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Lago Pueyrredón and Lago Posadas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puesto Estancia La Costa Fossiliferous Level 7.2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 567.0 567.1 Puesto Estancia La Costa Fossiliferous Level 5.3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Honda - Zaraza at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 569.0 569.1 Chucal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Trapa Trapa East mid-upper beds at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estero Trapa Trapa West at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Ana María at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Portezuelo Sumich Norte at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Portezuelo Sumich Sur at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Los Toldos Sur at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gobernador Gregores at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cañada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia La Costa Fossiliferous Level 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Pinturas Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Moreno et al., 2015, p.23
- ↑ Gran Barranca Upper Fossil Zone at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 582.0 582.1 Southern Cliff of lower Chubut River Valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gran Barranca - southern cliff of lake Colhué Huapí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sacanana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Las Lenas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Point 354989 Anzogues at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Bandera Type at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Bandera Barda Negra at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Bandera Sierra del Portezuelo Norte at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 590.0 590.1 Cerro Bandera Bayo Mesa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 591.0 591.1 591.2 Paso Córdoba at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Flynn et al., 2008, p.414
- ↑ 593.0 593.1 Cerro del Castillo, Trelew at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 594.0 594.1 Bryn Gwyn at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Chocan at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 596.0 596.1 596.2 596.3 Jazida B17 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 597.0 597.1 597.2 597.3 Atalaia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 598.0 598.1 598.2 Praia de Fortalezinha at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 599.0 599.1 599.2 599.3 Ilha de Fortaleza; São João de Pirabas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 600.0 600.1 Colonia Pedro Teixeira at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tauari at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Jeinemení at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Patagonian at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Carrillo Briceño et al., 2016, p.91
- ↑ 605.0 605.1 Hendy et al., 2015, p.50
- ↑ La Flecha at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 607.0 607.1 Quebrada Fiera at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 608.0 608.1 Chaparral Alto José at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 609.0 609.1 609.2 CTA-61 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 610.0 610.1 610.2 CTA-32 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 611.0 611.1 Ullujaya at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ullujaya 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 613.0 613.1 Santa Rosa at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 614.0 614.1 Zamaca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tanaka et al., 2017, p.3
- ↑ Urkudelphis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa de la Agraciada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Castillo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Río Corrientes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo María Grande at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Avalos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paso del Cuello at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Rancho Verde at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 624.0 624.1 Santa Lucía Basin at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 625.0 625.1 Palmirense at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 626.0 626.1 Gaimán at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 627.0 627.1 Playa Santa Isabel at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mariño Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 629.0 629.1 Gran Bajo de San Julian at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bahía Nueva at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 631.0 631.1 Quebrada Saguayo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Lacayani Fauna at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 633.0 633.1 633.2 Salla Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cantera at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 635.0 635.1 Crater Lake Beds at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Upper Beds at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Higher Level at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 638.0 638.1 638.2 Cabeza Blanca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 639.0 639.1 El Pajarito at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pico Truncado at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Unit 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gran Barranca Deseadan at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Padre Eterno at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 645.0 645.1 Moquegua at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Pan de Azúcar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Mono at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gulf of San Jorge at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 649.0 649.1 Sierra Baguales at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Santa Fé Farm at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Camp Waldo Locality, UCMP V-4620 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bairro do Padre Eterno at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Buque M2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Buque M8 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Southern cliffs at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tremembé shales at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ UnG collection at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cachoeira site, south of Vargem Grande do Sul at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ IG/USP collection at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Near Taubaté at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Guariro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tinguiririca Locality Sets 1 & 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cachapoal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ ELM 4, 1.5 km northwest of Esperanza at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Billet et al., 2010, p.324
- ↑ Paracas Bay at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Archaeocete Valley, Otuma, AV-10 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cancha at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas Blancas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gran Barranca faunule 16 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gran Barranca faunule 17 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ullujaya Valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajada del Diablo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 674.0 674.1 Paracas Reserve at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada de Santa Domingo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ancon Pterosphenus sheppardi type locality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Aiuruoca municipality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 678.0 678.1 Divisadero Hill at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Archaeocete Valley at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-17 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-19 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 682.0 682.1 682.2 CTA-27 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 683.0 683.1 CTA-29 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 684.0 684.1 CTA-51 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ CTA-66 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 686.0 686.1 Barranca south of Lago Colhue-Huapi, Gran Barranca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Nuevo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Locality III, Tapera de López, Riconada de los López at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gran Barranca faunule 12 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Media Luna at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Eocaiman cavernensis holotype locality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 692.0 692.1 Río de las Minos at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Macarao Formation
- ↑ CTA-73 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 695.0 695.1 695.2 La Gran Hondonada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sierra Chaira at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tapado at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Barda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 699.0 699.1 Antofagasta de la Sierra at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pozuelos salt flat, Quebrada El Paso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Santa Rosa fauna at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Perdida at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vaca Mahuida Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cañadon del Hunco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Oficina del Diablo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Casamayor Bed 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Azufre at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 708.0 708.1 708.2 Wila Apacheta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Guabirotuba fauna at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Carahuasi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 712.0 712.1 Estancia Pampa Grande East at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande Cachi River at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande Río Cachi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Simbolar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estrecho del Tonco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande Toro Bordo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande River Pablo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Estancia Pampa Grande Pablo Bordo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 720.0 720.1 Cerro Bayo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Tin Tin at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Valle del Tonco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 723.0 723.1 Valle Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 724.0 724.1 724.2 Cañadón Hondo Bird Clay at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tapera de López 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cañadón Vaca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cañadón Vaca faunule 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 728.0 728.1 Pampa de Jones at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Calenturitas Coal Mine at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mina Aguilar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Verde at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 732.0 732.1 732.2 732.3 Casamayor Bed 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Laguna del Hunco at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Alemania at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Casa Grande at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Fonseca village at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Fonseca village 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Fonseca village 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mendes et al., 2015, p.32
- ↑ Estancia Don Hipólito at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Fajas Verdes I & II at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada Mochuelo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo Palangana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo de la Palangana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 745.0 745.1 Cerro Redondo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Aguas Chiquitas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada del Puesto at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Cadillal Lake at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 749.0 749.1 Sierra Santa Bárbara East at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada El Gritón at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cuesta Azul at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Fuerte at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Mendieta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Garabatal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sunchal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sunchal Station 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 757.0 757.1 Salvador & Simone, 2013, p.7
- ↑ Cerro Funes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Visser at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 760.0 760.1 Palmoxylon at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Visser at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 762.0 762.1 São José de Itaboraí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ São José 700 m at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 764.0 764.1 Cañadón Hondo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Las Flores at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Road linking Tres Cruces and Mina Aguilar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Between Pisungo and Rio Grande at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Carodnia inexpectans at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gelfo & Sigé, 2011
- ↑ Laguna Umayo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 771.0 771.1 771.2 771.3 LURMU at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Diagenornis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Itaboravis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paleopsilopterus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 775.0 775.1 775.2 775.3 La Puente Pit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 776.0 776.1 Anthracosuchus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Notocaiman stromeri at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bretesuchus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Itaboraí snakes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Portland Quarry at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Cadillal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 782.0 782.1 Menispina evidens at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Stephania palaeosudamericana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerrejón 0315 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Coalbeds 100 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo de la Palangana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 787.0 787.1 Cerro Redondo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Visser 2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 789.0 789.1 Punta Peligro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bonaparte & Morales, 1997, p.266
- ↑ Necrosuchus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 792.0 792.1 792.2 Gayet et al. p403.
- ↑ 793.0 793.1 793.2 Tiupampa 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Grenier Farm at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Gaffney et al. De Almeida Campos.
- ↑ Buffetaut & Marshall 1991.
- ↑ Rage, 1991a, pp.499-501
- ↑ Rage, 1991b, pp.503-508
- ↑ Guarinisuchus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Hyposaurus derbianus at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Apesteguia et al., 2014
- ↑ Yaminuechelys at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Eocaiman at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Poty Quarry at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Berhamniphyllum sp. & Archaeopaliurus boyacensis at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Jud et al. 2017.
- ↑ Ruiz et al. 2017.
