St Martin's Church, Colmar

St Martin's Church, Colmar
Église Saint-Martin Collégiale Saint-Martin
File:Colmar St Martin church panorama 2011-04.jpg
Country	France
Denomination	Roman Catholic Church
History
Founded	1234
Architecture
Heritage designation	Monument historique
Designated	1840
Style	Gothic architecture
Completed	1365
Specifications
Length	78 metres (256 ft)
Width	34 metres (112 ft)
Height	71 metres (233 ft)

The Église Saint-Martin (St. Martin church) is the main church and principal Gothic monument of Colmar, Haut-Rhin, France. Because of its past as a collegiate church, is also known als Collégiale Saint-Martin, and because of its large dimensions, as Cathédrale Saint-Martin, although Colmar had never been the seat of a bishopric.

History and description

In 1972, remains were archaeologically dug out of a first church, built in Carolingian style around the year 1000. Foundations of a second church built on that spot, in Romanesque style, were found as well. The present building had been constructed between 1234 and 1365 as the church of a college devoted to the cult of Martin of Tours, and since defunct. The current, conspicuous helmet crowning the bell tower had been added in 1572 in Renaissance style after a fire.

The church is surrounded by several portals of rather small dimensions, speaking relatively to the volume of the building. Some of these portals are bricked up. The largest portals display richly sculpted tympana. The coloured tile roof, reminding that of the Collégiale Saint-Thiébaut in Thann, is another striking feature of the church's exterior. The massive pillars that support the façade, an architectural rarity, give the front of the building a somewhat cumbersome aspect that contrasts with the airy look of the high apse windows. Another noteworthy detail of the building's exterior, testament to the troubled History of Jews in Alsace, is the presence of two "Judensäue", one in the shape of a gargoyle, the other as a corner sculpture of a portal.

In the spacious interior, whose furniture had suffered bitter losses during the French Revolution, the most remarkable features are the exuberant Baroque organ case of 1755, (the mechanism and the pipes themselves, originally built by Johann Andreas Silbermann, were completely replaced in 1979), as well as the ambulatory, a unique feature in Alsatian churches. The many chapels that surround the choir display several medieval altars and statues. Of the remaining Gothic stained glass windows in the nave, the most noteworthy is a 13th century head of a beardless Christ, another rare feature.

Dimensions

Some figures relating to the building's size:

• Total interior length: 78 meters
• Maximal interior height: 20 metres (66 ft)
• Interior width of the transept: 34 meters
• Height of the steeple: 71 meters

Gallery

• Martinsmünster Colmar Turm.jpg

  Façade and steeple. Note the unusual, massive supporting pillars

• Colmar - Gothic portal of Saint Martin Church.jpg

  A side portal. The tympanum is signed by a "Master Humbret".

• Colmar 9016.jpg

  Façade portal

• Martinsmünster Colmar Hintere Seitenansicht.jpg

  View of transept

• Martinsmünster Colmar Chor.jpg

  Rear of the church, with stork nest

• Colmar - Martins-Münster.jpg

  Inside the church

• Choir (architecture) of Saint-Martin Church, Colmar.jpg

  The choir

• Scene collegiale colmar.jpg

  Late Gothic life-sized "Last supper" inside the church

• Stained glass face of Christ, Saint Martin Church, Colmar.jpg

  Stained glass face of Christ

• Statue of Virgin and Child inside Saint-Martin church, Colmar.jpg

  Statue of Virgin and Child

• Colmar 9042.jpg

  Clock inside the church

• 

  One of Colmar's "Judensäue".

External links

Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

• St Martin's Church, Colmar at Structurae
• History and description of the organ (French)