Verbenaceae

Verbenaceae
File:Lantana.jpg
Flowers, fruit and (right) leaves of a Lantana cultivar
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.
Synonyms
Durantaceae J.Agardh Petreaceae J.Agardh

The Verbenaceae /vɜːrbiːˈneɪsiː/ are a family, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The new narrowly circumscribed Verbenaceae family includes some 35 genera and 1,200 species. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

• Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
• Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens

Genera

File:Duranta repens (Golden Dew Drops) W IMG 9162.jpg

Golden dew drops (Duranta erecta)

File:Phyla nodiflora (Frog fruit) W IMG 9874.jpg

Frog fruit (Phyla nodiflora)

File:Glandularia pulchella in Kadavoor.jpg

Glandularia pulchella in Kerala

The genera in the new narrowly circumscribed family:

• Acantholippia Griseb.
• Aloysia Palau – beebrushes
• Baillonia Bocq.
• Bouchea Cham.
• Burroughsia
• Casselia Nees & Mart.
• Chascanum E.Mey
• Citharexylum L. – fiddlewoods
• Coelocarpum Balf.f.
• Diostea Miers
• Dipyrena Hook.
• Duranta L.
• Glandularia J.F.Gmel.
• Hierobotana Briq.
• Junellia Moldenke
• Lampayo F.Phil. ex Murillo
• Lantana L. – shrub verbenas, lantanas
• Lippia L.
• Mulguraea N.O’Leary & P.Peralta
• Nashia Millsp.
• Neosparton Griseb.
• Parodianthus Tronc.
• Petrea L. – sandpaper vines
• Phyla Lour. – fogfruits
• Pitraea Turcz.
• Priva Adans.
• Recordia Moldenke
• Rehdera Moldenke
• Rhaphithamnus Miers
• Stachytarpheta Vahl
• Stylodon Raf.
• Tamonea Aubl.
• Ubochea
• Urbania
• Verbena L. – verbenas/vervains
• Verbenoxylum Tronc.
• Xeroaloysia Tronc.
• Xolocotzia Miranda

Excluded genera

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:

Moved to Acanthaceae

• Avicennia L.

Moved to Lamiaceae

• Amasonia L.f.
• Brachysola (F.Muell.) Rye
• Callicarpa L.
• Caryopteris Bunge
• Chloanthes R.Br.
• Clerodendrum L.
• Congea Roxb.
• Cornutia L.
• Cyanostegia Turcz.
• Dicrastylis J.Drumm. ex Harv.
• Discretitheca P.D.Cantino
• Faradaya F.Muell.
• Garrettia H.R.Fletcher
• Glossocarya Wall. ex Griff.
• Gmelina L.
• Hemiphora (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
• Holmskioldia Retz.
• Hosea Ridl.
• Hymenopyramis Wall. ex Griff.
• Kalaharia Baill.
• Karomia Dop
• Lachnostachys Hook.
• Mallophora Endl.
• Monochilus Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
• Newcastelia F.Muell.
• Oncinocalyx F.Muell.
• Oxera Labill.
• Peronema Jack
• Petitia Jacq.
• Petraeovitex Oliv.
• Physopsis Turcz.
• Pityrodia R.Br.
• Premna L.
• Pseudocarpidium Millsp.
• Pseudocaryopteris P.D.Cantino
• Rotheca Raf.
• Schnabelia Hand.-Mazz.
• Spartothamnella Briq.
• Sphenodesme Jack
• Symphorema Roxb.
• Tectona L.f.
• Teijsmanniodendron Koord.
• Teucridium Hook.f.
• Tripora P.D.Cantino
• Vitex L.

Moved to Oleaceae

• Dimetra Kerr
• Nyctanthes L.

Moved to Orobanchaceae

• Asepalum Marais
• Cyclocheilon Oliv.
• Nesogenes A.DC.

Moved to Phrymaceae

• Phryma L.

Moved to Stilbaceae

• Campylostachys Kunth
• Euthystachys A.DC.
• Stilbe P.J.Bergius
• Thesmophora Rourke

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Verbenaceae at Wikispecies
• Verbenaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF

• Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds) Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.