WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines is published by the World Health Organization (WHO). The first list, published in 1977, included 204 pharmaceutical drugs.[1] The WHO updates the list every two years. The WHO later added a separate WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children up to 12 years of age.

More than 130 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the WHO's model list.[2] The national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications.[2]

In the United States, price increases of up to 5,000% or more, starting in 2004, have made many first-line drugs on the list, such as pyrimethamine and albendazole, unaffordable for low-income people. These drugs are still available at lower prices outside the U.S.[3]

In April 2015, the WHO published the 19th edition of the adult list and 5th edition of the list for children.[4][5] The following list is based on the 19th edition of the adult list:<templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />

Contents

Anaesthetics

General anaesthetics and oxygen

Inhalational medicines

Injectable medicines

Local anaesthetics

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

Medicines for pain and palliative care

Nonopioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Opioid analgesics

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings

Nonspecific

Specific

Anticonvulsive medication

Anti-infective medicines

Antihelminthics

Intestinal antihelminthics

Antifilarials

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

Antibacterials

Beta Lactam medicines

Other antibacterials

Antileprosy medicines

Antituberculosis medicines

Antifungal medicines

Antiviral medicines

Antiherpes medicines

Antiretrovirals

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fixed-dose combinations
Other antivirals
Antihepatitis medicines
Medicines for hepatitis B
—Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Medicines for hepatitis C
—Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors
—Protease inhibitors
—NS5A inhibitors
—Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors
—Other antivirals
—Fixed-dose combinations

Antiprotozoal medicines

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

Antileishmaniasis medicines

Antimalarial medicines

For curative treatment
For prevention

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

Antitrypanosomal medicines

African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis
Medicines for the treatment of second stage African trypanosomiasis

American trypanosomiasis

Antimigraine medicines

Acute attack

Prevention

Antineoplastic and immunosuppressives

Immunosuppressive medicines

Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

Hormones and antihormones

Antiparkinsonism medicines

Medicines affecting the blood

Antianaemia medicines

Medicines affecting coagulation

Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

Blood products and plasma substitutes of human origin

Blood and blood components

Plasma-derived medicines

Human immunoglobulins

Blood coagulation factors

Plasma substitutes

Cardiovascular medicines

Antianginal medicines

Antiarrhythmic medicines

Antihypertensive medicines

Medicines used in heart failure

Antithrombotic medicines

Anti-platelet medicines

Thrombolytic medicines

Lipid-lowering agents

Dermatological (topical)

Antifungal medicines

Anti-infective medicines

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

Scabicides and pediculicides

Diagnostic agents

Ophthalmic medicines

Radiocontrast media

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Antiseptics

Disinfectants

Diuretics

Gastrointestinal medicines

Antiulcer medicines

Antiemetic medicines

Anti-inflammatory medicines

Laxatives

Medicines used in diarrhea

Oral rehydration

Medicines for diarrhea in children

Hormones, other endocrine medicines, and contraceptives

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

Androgens

Contraceptives

Oral hormonal contraceptives

Injectable hormonal contraceptives

Intrauterine devices

Barrier methods

Implantable contraceptives

Intravaginal contraceptives

Estrogens

Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes

Ovulation inducers

Progestogens

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

Immunologicals

Diagnostic agents

Sera and immunoglobulins

Vaccines

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

Eye preparations

Anti-infective agents

Anti-inflammatory agents

Local anesthetics

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

Mydriatics

Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Oxytocics and antioxytocics

Oxytocics and Abortifacients

Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

Peritoneal dialysis solution

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders

Medicines used in psychotic disorders

Medicines used in mood disorders

Medicines used in depressive disorders

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

Medicines for anxiety disorders

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract

Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances

Oral

Parenteral

Miscellaneous

Vitamins and minerals

Ear, nose and throat medicines in children

Specific medicines for neonatal care

Medicines administered to the neonate

Medicines administered to the mother

Medicines for diseases of joints

Medicines used to treat gout

Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders

Juvenile joint diseases

Notes

^ A † indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.

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References

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