Overman Wheel Company

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Overman Wheel Company
Industry Bicycle manufacture
Fate Sold in 1900
Founded 1882
Founder Albert H. Overman
Headquarters Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts
Products Bicycles; later, sporting goods
Brands Victor Flyer

Overman Wheel Company was an early bicycle manufacturing company in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts from 1882 to 1900. It was known for bicycles of higher quality and lower weight than other bicycles of its time. Despite a nationwide bicycle craze in the late 1800s, the company was undercut by lower-priced competition, nearly went bankrupt in 1897, and never recovered from an 1899 fire. The company was sold in 1900.

History

Albert Overman started the Overman Wheel Company in 1882 in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts[1] with an investment of $62,000.[2]

Overman were the first American manufacturers of the safety bicycle.[1] In 1888 the company began making its own bicycles, with a staff of about thirty men.[2] At its height, the factory employed about 1,400 men in five buildings.[2] The factory produced 80,000 bicycles per year, the only bicycle factory at the time which made the entire bicycle.[2]

Victor Bicycle

File:Overman victor flyer bicycle.png
The Overman Victor "Flyer" of 1893

The flagship product of the Overman Company was the Victor Bicycle. The Victor Bicycle made extensive use of interchangeable parts, an innovation which allowed the owner to make minor repairs, without bringing the bicycle to a professional mechanic.[1] The metal parts of the Victor bicycle were all steel; it was the first bicycle to use no cast metal parts.[1] The It was also one of the first bicycles to use a hollow pneumatic tire.[3]

By 1893, Overman's Victor bicycle was considered an elegant, premium machine, the "highest grade bicycle of 1893".[4] It was correspondingly priced at the high end of the market.[4] The Overman factory made the complete bicycle, including tires, saddles, rims, etc.[4]

By 1895, eight models of the Victor were offered; five heights for men, two heights for women, and a racer which was available in five different heights.[3] The 1895 Victoria Ladies' Bicycle sold for US$100.[5]

The Overman Wheel Company was a pioneer in using testing equipment to measure things like bicycle power output and tire elasticity.[1][3] This gave Victor bicycles a significant weight advantage over competitors of the time.[5]

The Overman factory complex was made up of three buildings, and was located in Chicopee, Massachusetts.[1] It was considered the "most complete bicycle plant in the United States."[1] The company had offices in Boston, New York, Detroit, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Portland, Oregon.[1][3]

Downfall

File:Overman victor bicycle advert 1894.jpg
Victor bicycle advertisement

Overman had contracted with the Spalding sports equipment company as their sole bicycle distributor.[6] This worked well for a few years, but by about 1892 or 1893, the two companies had a serious falling out. The two companies first brought lawsuits against each other for thousands of dollars.[6] Then they began competing head-to-head for the sporting goods market.[6] The Spalding company started making their own line of bicycles in their own factory in Chicopee Falls, and the Overman company entered the sporting goods market with baseballs, bats, footballs, and boxing gloves, "everything in the sporting goods line that the Spaldings made."[6]

Spalding wasn't the only new competition faced by Overman. In 1896, there was simultaneously a bicycle craze and an economic slump, such that hundreds of manufacturers got into the bicycle business.[2] People were buying bicycles, "whether they could afford them or not".[2] This created a massive over-production, followed by a crash in bicycle prices.[2] Despite this competition, Overman held firm to its $100 bicycle prices, which hurt sales.[6]

By December 1897, the company, facing bankruptcy, was in debt for over a half-million dollars, their shops closed, and hundreds of employees were thrown out of work.[6] Creditors extended a last-minute effort to revive the company on January 1, 1898.[7] By May 1899, the company was desperately trying to regain market share by slashing bicycle prices down to $40.[8]

A fire broke out at the Overman factory on November 23, 1899, creating considerable fire and water damage.[9] Overman sold his bicycle business to the Stevens Arms & Tool Co. of Chicopee Falls, MA in 1900.[10]

Overman Automobile Company

As early as 1899, Overman was turning his attention to automobiles. In 1901 Overman reorganized as the Overman Automobile Company, which sold a vehicle called the Victor Steam Carriage.[10] Sales were not very high, and the company merged with Locomobile Company of America in 1904.[10]

Albert H. Overman

File:Albert H. Overman of Overman Wheel Company.jpg
Albert H. Overman

Albert H. Overman was born in Fulton County, Illinois, on March 21, 1850.[5] He started experimenting with wooden human-powered vehicles in his youth.[2] He graduated from Illinois State Normal University.[1] In 1881 he left Chicago and moved east.[2]

He married Millie E. Benton in 1873.[1]

The Overmans lived in a mansion in Springfield, Massachusetts,[5] three miles from his factories.[2] They were known for entertaining lavishly.[2]

Overman died July 30, 1930, in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, of a cerebral hemorrage.[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

  • Photos of Victor bicycles
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