Federated state
A federated state (which may be referred to as a state, a province, a canton, a Land, etc.) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union (federation).[1] Such states differ from fully sovereign states, in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a federal government.[2] Importantly, when states choose to federate, they lose their standing as persons of international law. Instead, the federal union as a single entity becomes the sovereign state for purposes of international law.[3] A federated state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government.
In some cases, a federation is created from a union of political entities, which are either independent, or dependent territories of another sovereign entity (most commonly a colonial power).[4] In other cases, federated states have been created out of the regions of previously unitary states.[5] Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law.
In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities - states, provinces, cantons, Länder, etc. - are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another.[6] Depending on the form the decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the federal constitution and state constitutions.
List of constituents by federation
The "federated units" in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it (see federal district and federal territory). * indicates federal capital (or federated units that contain it) ** actively disputed by other sovereign states or the international community
| Federation | Federated units | Other units |
|---|---|---|
 Argentina[7] |
23 provinces: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1 autonomous city: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Australia[8] |
6 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
10 territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Austria[10] |
9 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 Belgium[11] |
3 regions:[Federated states 1] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | |
| 3 communities:[Federated states 2] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2 entities:[9] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | 1 self-governing district: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
| The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation of 10 cantons: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
||
 Brazil[12] |
26 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
| 1 federal district: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
| 5,564 municipalities[Federated states 4][13] | ||
 Canada[14] |
10 provinces: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
3 territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Comoros |
3 islands:[9] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | |
 Ethiopia[15] |
9 regions: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
2 chartered cities: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Germany[16] |
16 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 India[17] |
29 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
7 union territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Iraq[18] |
19 governorates: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> | Autonomous region: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
 Malaysia[19] |
13 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> | 3 federal territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
 Mexico[20] |
31 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
| 1 federal district: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
 F.S. Micronesia[21] |
4 states: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | |
 Nepal |
14 zones: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> | |
 Nigeria[22] |
36 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1 Territory: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
 Pakistan[23] |
4 provinces: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | 2 autonomous areas:[9] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
| 2 territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
 Russia[24][25] |
46 oblasts: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
| 22 republics:[9] <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
||
| 9 krais: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
||
| 4 autonomous okrugs:[9] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
| 3 federal cities: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
| 1 autonomous oblast:[9] <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
 Saint Kitts and Nevis |
2 states: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | |
 Somalia[26][27] |
federal member states:[Federated states 6] <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 South Sudan |
10 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 Sudan[28] |
18 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 Switzerland[29] |
26 cantons: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 United Arab Emirates[30] |
7 emirates: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
|
 United States[31] |
50 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1 federal district: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
| 1 incorporated territory: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> | ||
15 unincorporated territories: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
||
 Venezuela[32] |
23 states: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> | 1 federal district: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
| 1 federal dependency: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
See also
- Associated state
- Constituent state
- Federal district
- Federal territory
- Federation
- List of autonomous areas by country
- List of sovereign states
- Supranational union
- Table of administrative divisions by country
Notes
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- ↑ The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition, pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. ISBN 978-0-19-551771-2.
- ↑ Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers
- ↑ Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
- ↑ Examples are Australia and the United States.
- ↑ This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.
- ↑ For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringments from the central government than most non-Western federations.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p38
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Autonomous region. See more at List of autonomous areas by country
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p46
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p74
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p101
- ↑ Article 18
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p132
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p239
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p275
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p328
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p346
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p460
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p481
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p486
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p537
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p549
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p600
- ↑ Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p687
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p700
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p760
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p774
- ↑ SBS World Guide 2008, p798
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