Econazole
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Econazole (commonly used as the nitrate salt) is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class.[1] It is used as a cream under the brand names Spectazole (United States), Ecostatin (Canada), Pevaryl (Western Europe), and Pevisone (the latter consisting of the combination econazole/triamcinolone) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, tinea, pityriasis versicolor, ringworm, and jock itch. It is also sold in Canada under the brand name Ecostatin as vaginal ovules to treat vaginal thrush. In Asia, it is sold under the brand name Endix-G (by Dongkwang, Korea), while in Thailand, it is sold as Ecosone by Qualimed. In Taiwan, it is sold as Vivicome Cream, manufactured by Yong Chang Pharmaceuticals. In Egypt, it is sold as a foam spray by ATM. In Bangladesh, it is sold under the brand name Ecoderm by Rephco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. The combination of econazole nitrate with triamcinolone acetonide is also available under the brand name Ecoderm-TA.[2] Econazole nitrate exhibits strong anti-feeding properties against the keratin-digesting common clothes moth Tineola bisselliella.[3]
Adverse effects
About 3% of patients treated with econazole nitrate cream reported side effects. The most common symptoms were burning, itching, erythema, and one outbreak of a pruritic rash.[4]
Synthesis
Imidazoles devoid of the nitro group no longer have any antiprotozoal activity, however, such drugs are effective antifungal agents.
Alkylation of imidazole (2) with bromoketone (1) prepared from o,p-dichloroacetophenone affords the displacement product (3). Reduction of the ketone with sodium borohydride gives the corresponding alcohol (4). Alkylation of the alkoxide from that alcohol with p-chlorobenzyl chloride leads to econazole (5); alkylation with o,p-dichlorobenzyl chloride gives miconazole.
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Product descriptions at REPHCO Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangladesh. Retrieved June 2012
- ↑ Sunderland, M. R.; Cruickshank, R. H.; Leighs, S. J. (2014). “The efficacy of antifungal azole and antiprotozoal compounds in protection of wool from keratin-digesting insect larvae”. Textile Research Journal 84 (9): 924–931. http://trj.sagepub.com/content/84/9/924
- ↑ Perrigo Econazole Nitrate Cream Product Description. 2012.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
