Estrogen receptor alpha

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Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).[1][2][3]

Structure

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription.[4] Alternative splicing results in several ESR1 mRNA transcripts, which differ primarily in their 5-prime untranslated regions. The translated receptors show less variability.[5][6]

Ligands

Agonists

Agonists of ERα selective over ERβ include:

Antagonists

Antagonists of ERα selective over ERβ include:

Clinical significance

Estrogen insensitivity syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by a defective ERα that is insensitive to estrogens.[7][8][9][10] The clinical presentation of a female was observed to include absence of breast development and other female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, hypoplastic uterus, primary amenorrhea, enlarged multicystic ovaries and associated lower abdominal pain, mild hyperandrogenism (manifested as cystic acne), and delayed bone maturation as well as an increased rate of bone turnover.[10] The clinical presentation in a male was reported to include lack of epiphyseal closure, tall stature, osteoporosis, and poor sperm viability.[9] Both individuals were completely insensitive to exogenous estrogen treatment, even with high doses.[9][10]

Coactivators

Coactivators of ER-α include:

Interactions

Estrogen receptor alpha has been shown to interact with:

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References

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Further reading

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External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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